Is There Evidence of Racial Disparity in Police Use of Deadly Force? Analyses of Officer-Involved Fatal Shootings in 2015-2016
Is There Evidence of Racial Disparity in Police Use of Deadly Force? Analyses of Officer-Involved Fatal Shootings in 2015-2016
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DOI：
10.1177/1948550618775108
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Terrill, William
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cesario, Joseph;Johnson, David J.;Terrill, William
在美国，有没有证据表明黑人和白人在警察枪击死亡方面存在差异？这通常是通过比较黑人和白人被致命枪击的几率来回答的，几率以每个群体的人口比例为基准。然而，考虑到致命武力决定的背景，调整人口值的假设有问题。我们将两年的致命枪击数据与16个犯罪率估计值进行了比较。当调整犯罪时，我们没有发现系统的证据表明，在致命枪击事件中，非武装公民的致命枪击事件，或涉及错误识别无害物体的致命枪击事件中，反黑人的差异。多元宇宙分析显示，在144个可能的测试中，只有一个显着的反黑人差异。鉴于犯罪率的差异，暴露在警察面前可能是黑人人均警察枪击致死率较高的原因，至少在分析所有枪击事件时是如此。对于徒手射击或误认射击，数据太不确定，无法得出结论。
Is there evidence of a Black-White disparity in death by police gunfire in the United States? This is commonly answered by comparing the odds of being fatally shot for Blacks and Whites, with odds benchmarked against each group's population proportion. However, adjusting for population values has questionable assumptions given the context of deadly force decisions. We benchmark 2 years of fatal shooting data on 16 crime rate estimates. When adjusting for crime, we find no systematic evidence of anti-Black disparities in fatal shootings, fatal shootings of unarmed citizens, or fatal shootings involving misidentification of harmless objects. Multiverse analyses showed only one significant anti-Black disparity of 144 possible tests. Exposure to police given crime rate differences likely accounts for the higher per capita rate of fatal police shootings for Blacks, at least when analyzing all shootings. For unarmed shootings or misidentification shootings, data are too uncertain to be conclusive.