Chronic arsenic exposure and risk of infant mortality in two areas of Chile
Chronic arsenic exposure and risk of infant mortality in two areas of Chile
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DOI：
10.2307/3434889
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发表时间：
2000-07-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Gibb, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hopenhayn-Rich, C;Browning, SR;Gibb, H
慢性砷暴露与一系列神经、血管、皮肤和致癌作用有关。然而，针对砷暴露与人类生殖健康结果之间关系的研究有限。本研究的主要目的是调查智利两个地理位置之间婴儿死亡率的趋势：安托法加斯塔和瓦尔帕莱索，前者有充分记录的自然污染水砷暴露历史，后者是一个类似的低砷暴露城市。 1958 年，随着新水源的引入，安托法加斯塔公共饮用水中的砷浓度大幅上升，并一直保持在较高水平，直到 1970 年。我们采用回顾性研究设计，利用单变量统计、图形技术和泊松回归分析，检查 1950 年至 1996 年间婴儿死亡率的时间和地点模式。研究结果记录了研究期间两个地点的晚期胎儿和婴儿死亡率普遍下降。数据还表明，在特定时间段内，安托法加斯塔的晚期胎儿、新生儿和新生儿死亡率相对于瓦帕莱索有所上升，这些时间段通常与安托法加斯塔饮用水中砷浓度最高的时期一致。泊松回归分析显示砷暴露与晚期胎儿死亡率之间存在较高且显着的关联[比率 (RR) = 1.7；调整地点和日历时间后的 95% 置信区间 (CI)，1.5-1.9]、新生儿死亡率（RR = 1.53；CI，1.4-1.7）和新生儿后死亡率（RR = 1.26；CI，1.2-1.3）。这项调查的结果可能支持砷暴露在增加晚期胎儿和婴儿死亡风险中的作用。
Chronic arsenic exposure has been associated with a range of neurologic, vascular, dermatologic, and carcinogenic effects. However, limited research has been directed at the association of arsenic exposure and human reproductive health outcomes. The principal aim of this study was to investigate the trends in infant mortality between two geographic locations in Chile: Antofagasta, which has a well-documented history of arsenic exposure from naturally contaminated water, and Valparaiso, a comparable low-exposure city. The arsenic concentration in Antofagasta's public drinking water supply rose substantially in 1958 with the introduction of a new water source, and remained elevated until 1970. We used a retrospective study design to examine time and location patterns in infant mortality between 1950 and 1996, using univariate statistics, graphical techniques, and Poisson regression analysis. Results of the study document the general declines in late fetal and infant mortality over the study period in both locations. The data also indicate an elevation of the late fetal, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates for Antofagasta, relative to Vaparaiso, for specific time periods, which generally coincide with tbe period of highest arsenic concentration in the drinking water of Antofagasta. Poisson regression analysis yielded an elevated and significant association between arsenic exposure and late fetal mortality [rate ratio (RR) = 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5-1.9], neonatal mortality (RR = 1.53; CI, 1.4-1.7), and postneonatal mortality (RR = 1.26; CI, 1.2-1.3) after adjustment for location and calendar time. The findings from this investigation may support a role for arsenic exposure in increasing the risk of late fetal and infant mortality.