Gap analysis of the flood management system in Metro Manila, Philippines: a case study of the aftermath of Typhoon Ondoy
Gap analysis of the flood management system in Metro Manila, Philippines: a case study of the aftermath of Typhoon Ondoy
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菲律宾马尼拉大都会洪水管理系统的差距分析：以台风翁多的灾后案例研究
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发表时间：
2013
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Nakagawa
中科院分区：
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作者：
J. Gilbuena;A. Kawamura;R. Medina;H. Amaguchi;N. Nakagawa
几十年来，暴雨引发的洪水一再淹没马尼拉大都会的关键地区，这促使菲律宾政府建立了一个由结构和非结构措施组成的洪水管理系统。然而，在台风Ondoy来袭期间，大部分运作中的防洪基础设施被证明是不充分的。这场风暴带来的降雨量超过了该国前几次台风的降雨强度。这场灾难的后果为高度城市化的马尼拉大都市描绘了一幅黯淡的图景，因为气候变化的影响增加了风暴强度与Ondoy相同甚至更高的可能性。这项研究利用台风Ondoy期间和之后的记录和观测，确定马尼拉大城市洪水管理系统中的差距。这项研究的主要重点是马尼拉大都会防洪结构、洪水预报和预警系统的性能。根据暴雨期间和暴雨后的现场检查和观测结果，对防洪建筑物进行了评估。洪水预报和预警系统是利用从各政府部门获得的信息以及主要线人访谈和调查的结果进行评估的。研究显示，河流和排水系统的防洪建筑物水力设计不当、缺乏准确的洪水预报系统以及洪水警报系统缺乏适当维护等因素，是导致2009年9月26日史无前例的洪水的原因之一，洪水淹没了马尼拉大都市约34%的地区。研究报告最后强调，需要分散和加强减轻洪水的方案、规划和建造防洪设施，以及建立有效的洪水预报和预警系统。应根据新的防洪安全标准审查和修订现有的洪水管理方案。
For decades, floods caused by heavy rains have repeatedly inundated critical areas in Metro Manila, which prompted the Philippine government to establish a flood management system consisting of both structural and non-structural measures. However, most of the operational flood mitigation infrastructure was proven inadequate during the onslaught of typhoon Ondoy. The storm brought rains that exceeded the rainfall intensities of the country's previous typhoons. The aftermath of this disaster paints a bleak scenario for the highly urbanized Metro Manila as the effects of climate change increase the likelihood of storms having the same, or even higher, intensities as Ondoy. This study deals with the identification of gaps in Metro Manila's flood management system using the records and observations made during and after typhoon Ondoy. The primary focus of this study was on the performance of the flood control structures, flood forecasting and early warning systems in Metro Manila. The flood control structures were assessed based on the results of field inspection and observations during and after the storm. The flood forecasting and warning systems were evaluated using the information available from various government offices, and from the results of key informant interviews and surveys. The study revealed that factors such as inadequate hydraulic design of the flood control structures in the rivers and drainage systems, lack of an accurate flood forecasting system and lack of proper maintenance of the flood warning system, contributed to the unprecedented flooding on 26 September 2009, which inundated around 34% of Metro Manila. The study concludes by stressing the need for distributed and enhanced flood mitigation programmes, planned and constructed flood control structures, and establishment of effective flood forecasting and early warning systems. The existing flood management programmes should be reviewed and revised in accordance with a new safety level for flood prevention and control.