Beyond Fermentation: Other Important Services Provided to Endothermic Herbivores by their Gut Microbiota
Beyond Fermentation: Other Important Services Provided to Endothermic Herbivores by their Gut Microbiota
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DOI：
10.1093/icb/icx020
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Kohl, Kevin D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dearing, M. Denise;Kohl, Kevin D.
几十年来，比较生物学家已经认识到微生物伙伴在促进草食作为一种成功的摄食策略方面的重要性。这一成功在很大程度上归功于肠道微生物消化顽固的膳食纤维并为宿主提供有用营养的能力。肠道微生物还可以提供许多其他功能，如维生素合成、氮循环和植物次生化合物的解毒。在这里，我们回顾了这些微生物在食草性哺乳动物和鸟类中的功能，重点介绍了利用最近发展的元基因组技术进行的研究。其中几项研究强调，微生物服务是复杂微生物群落内相互作用和交换的产物，而不是单个成员的产物。此外，这些微生物的许多功能是相互依赖的。例如，饮食中的氮或植物毒素水平会影响纤维的消化率。进一步研究提供给食草性宿主的各种微生物服务，以及这些服务可能如何相互作用，将扩大我们对宿主-微生物相互作用的理解。
For decades, comparative biologists have recognized the importance of microbial partners in facilitating herbivory as a successful feeding strategy. Most of this success is attributed to the ability of gut microbes to digest recalcitrant dietary fiber and provides usable nutrients to their hosts. Gut microbes can also provide numerous other functions, such as vitamin synthesis, nitrogen recycling, and the detoxification of plant secondary compounds. Here, we review these microbial functions in herbivorous mammals and birds, highlighting studies that utilize recently developed metagenomic techniques. Several of these studies emphasize that microbial services are the product of interactions and exchanges within a complex microbial community, rather than the product of an individual member. Additionally, a number of these microbial functions are interdependent. For example, levels of dietary nitrogen or plant toxins can influence fiber digestibility. Further studies into the variety of microbial services provided to herbivorous hosts, and how these services might interact will broaden our understanding of host-microbe interactions.