Two-photon imaging and the activation of cortical neurons
Two-photon imaging and the activation of cortical neurons
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.04.022
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发表时间：
2013-08
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
E. J. Tehovnik;W. Slocum
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. J. Tehovnik;W. Slocum
基于双光子钙成像，Staned等人。(2009)得出结论，电刺激哺乳动物的皮质组织可以激活稀疏和分布的神经元群体。这项工作被许多人引用为电微刺激是非焦点的证据，这意味着它可能缺乏在神经假体中应用所需的精确度。我们确认，刺激诱发行为的产生主要基于信号的顺序性传导，这些信号主要来自大脑皮层最深层，而Staned等人的工作。有效地局限于研究皮层浅层外侧投射神经元的逆行激活。这种明显的稀疏激活是轴突投射模式的结果，该模式基于激活一定体积的轴突，同时成像细胞体横切穿过皮质的单个平面。这造成了一种错误的印象，即激活的神经元的分布是稀疏和无焦点的。我们建议如何更有效地使用双光子钙成像来确定电刺激如何影响哺乳动物的大脑。双光子钙成像对于研究单个和组神经元是一流的。这是一个及时的话题，因为研究人员正在动物身上使用电微刺激来开发假肢设备，以恢复残疾患者的感觉和运动功能。
Based on two-photon calcium imaging, Histed et al. (2009) concluded that electrical microstimulation of cortical tissue in mammals activates a sparse and distributed population of neurons. This work has been cited by many as proof that electrical microstimulation is nonfocal, which means it may lack the precision needed for applications in neuroprosthetics. We affirm that the generation of stimulation-evoked behaviour is based primarily on the orthodromic conduction of signals originating mainly from the deepest layers of cortex, while the work of Histed et al. is effectively limited to investigating the antidromic activation of lateral projection neurons of the superficial cortex. The apparent sparse activation is a consequence of the pattern of axonal projections based on activating a volume of axons while imaging cell bodies transecting a single plane through the cortex. This creates the false impression that the distribution of activated neurons is sparse and nonfocal. We recommend how two-photon calcium imaging, which is superb for the study of individual and groups of neurons, might be more effectively used to ascertain how electrical stimulation affects the brains of mammals. This is a timely topic since investigators are using electrical microstimulation in animals to develop prosthetic devices to restore sensory and motor functions in disabled patients.