Predictors of Intelligence at the Age of 5: Family, Pregnancy and Birth Characteristics, Postnatal Influences, and Postnatal Growth
Predictors of Intelligence at the Age of 5: Family, Pregnancy and Birth Characteristics, Postnatal Influences, and Postnatal Growth
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0079200
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发表时间：
2013-11-13
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Mortensen, Erik Lykke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eriksen, Hanne-Lise Falgreen;Kesmodel, Ulrik Schioler;Mortensen, Erik Lykke
父母的教育程度和母亲的智力是众所周知的儿童智商的预测因素。然而，关于其他可能导致智商个体差异的因素的文献是不确定的。本研究的目的是检查一些变量的贡献，其预测状态仍然不明确，在一个样本中，基本健康的儿童，产前和产后并发症的发生率低。从丹麦国家出生队列（2003-2007年）中抽取的1，782名5岁儿童接受了简短的韦氏学前和小学智力量表（修订版）评估。在妊娠期间和随访时收集有关父母特征、妊娠和出生因素、产后影响和产后生长的信息。一个模型，包括研究设计变量和儿童的性别解释了7%的智商的方差，而父母的教育和母亲的智商增加了解释的方差为24%。其他预测因素包括产次、母亲BMI、出生体重、母乳喂养以及随访时儿童的头围和身高。然而，这些变量仅将解释方差增加到29%。结果表明，父母的教育和母亲的智商是智商的主要预测因素，并应定期纳入认知发展的研究。产科和产后因素也能预测智商，但它们的作用可能相对有限。
Parental education and maternal intelligence are well-known predictors of child IQ. However, the literature regarding other factors that may contribute to individual differences in IQ is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of a number of variables whose predictive status remain unclarified, in a sample of basically healthy children with a low rate of pre- and postnatal complications. 1,782 5-year-old children sampled from the Danish National Birth Cohort (2003-2007) were assessed with a short form of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence - Revised. Information on parental characteristics, pregnancy and birth factors, postnatal influences, and postnatal growth was collected during pregnancy and at follow-up. A model including study design variables and child's sex explained 7% of the variance in IQ, while parental education and maternal IQ increased the explained variance to 24%. Other predictors were parity, maternal BMI, birth weight, breastfeeding, and the child's head circumference and height at follow-up. These variables, however, only increased the explained variance to 29%. The results suggest that parental education and maternal IQ are major predictors of IQ and should be included routinely in studies of cognitive development. Obstetrical and postnatal factors also predict IQ, but their contribution may be of comparatively limited magnitude.