Advances in understanding the actions of nitrous oxide.
Advances in understanding the actions of nitrous oxide.
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DOI：
10.2344/0003-3006(2007)54
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Quock, Raymond M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Emmanouil, Dimitris E;Quock, Raymond M
一氧化二氮（N（2）O）因其镇痛和抗焦虑的特性在临床牙科中应用已超过150年。这种小而简单的无机化学分子具有无可争议的镇痛、抗焦虑和麻醉作用，具有很大的临床意义。最近的研究有助于阐明N（2）O的镇痛机制，但其抗焦虑和麻醉作用的机制仍不清楚。迄今为止的研究结果表明，N（2）O的镇痛作用本质上是阿片样物质，并且像吗啡一样，可能涉及脊髓中的无数神经调质。另一方面，N（2）O的抗焦虑作用类似于苯二氮卓类药物，可能起始于γ-氨基丁酸A型（GABA（A））受体的特定亚基。同样，N（2）O的麻醉作用可能涉及对GABA（A）受体的作用，也可能涉及对N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体的作用。本文综述了N（2）O的这些临床效应的拟议作用模式的最新信息。
Nitrous oxide (N(2)O) has been used for well over 150 years in clinical dentistry for its analgesic and anxiolytic properties. This small and simple inorganic chemical molecule has indisputable effects of analgesia, anxiolysis, and anesthesia that are of great clinical interest. Recent studies have helped to clarify the analgesic mechanisms of N(2)O, but the mechanisms involved in its anxiolytic and anesthetic actions remain less clear. Findings to date indicate that the analgesic effect of N(2)O is opioid in nature, and, like morphine, may involve a myriad of neuromodulators in the spinal cord. The anxiolytic effect of N(2)O, on the other hand, resembles that of benzodiazepines and may be initiated at selected subunits of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor. Similarly, the anesthetic effect of N(2)O may involve actions at GABA(A) receptors and possibly at N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors as well. This article reviews the latest information on the proposed modes of action for these clinical effects of N(2)O.