Slow to warm up: the role of habituation in social fear
Slow to warm up: the role of habituation in social fear
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/scan/nsw095
复制
发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Blackford, Jennifer Urbano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Avery, Suzanne N.;Blackford, Jennifer Urbano
神经习惯化允许熟悉的信息被忽略，而有利于突出或新颖的刺激。相比之下，未能迅速适应可能反映了学习环境是可预测的，熟悉的和安全的能力不足。习惯化率的差异可能是个体接近或避免新奇事物的倾向差异的基础;然而，许多问题仍然没有答案。考虑到适应性社会功能的重要性，我们在这里测试了对社会刺激的习惯化差异是否与社会恐惧的差异有关，社会恐惧是一种从低社会恐惧到高社会恐惧的特征，低社会恐惧是接近新社会刺激的适应性倾向，高社会恐惧是避免新社会刺激的适应不良倾向。更高的社交恐惧与社交大脑区域的更慢的习惯化有关，包括海马体，杏仁核，腹内侧前额叶皮层，内侧眶额皮层，梭状面孔区，初级视觉皮层和纹外视觉皮层。有趣的是，习惯化差异是由持续的杏仁核-视觉皮层相互作用驱动的，而不是由杏仁核-前额叶皮层相互作用不足驱动的。总之，这些发现提供了证据，证明未能过滤社会刺激与一个关键的社会特征有关。鉴于社交恐惧和功能障碍之间的联系，习惯化的个体差异可能为精神疾病（如社交焦虑症）的风险提供重要的神经生物学标志。
Neural habituation allows familiar information to be ignored in favor of salient or novel stimuli. In contrast, failure to rapidly habituate likely reflects deficits in the ability to learn that an environment is predictable, familiar and safe. Differences in habituation rate may underlie individual differences in the tendency to approach or avoid novelty; however, many questions remain unanswered. Given the importance of adaptive social functioning, here we tested whether habituation differences to social stimuli are associated with differences in social fearfulness, a trait that ranges from low social fear-the adaptive tendency to approach novel social stimuli-to high social fear-the maladaptive tendency to avoid novel social stimuli. Higher social fearfulness was associated with slower habituation across regions of the social brain, including the hippocampus, amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, fusiform face area, primary visual cortex, and extrastriate visual cortex. Interestingly, habituation differences were driven by sustained amygdala-visual cortex interactions, but not deficient amygdala-prefrontal cortex interactions. Together, these findings provide evidence that a failure to filter social stimuli is associated with a key social trait. In light of the link between social fear and dysfunction, individual differences in habituation may provide an important neurobiological marker for risk for psychiatric illness, such as social anxiety disorder.