Species richness alone does not predict cultural ecosystem service value
Species richness alone does not predict cultural ecosystem service value
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1701370114
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发表时间：
2017-04-04
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Turner, Monica G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Graves, Rose A.;Pearson, Scott M.;Turner, Monica G.
许多生物多样性-生态系统服务研究忽略了文化生态系统服务（CES）或使用物种丰富度作为代理，并假设更多的物种赋予更大的CES价值。我们研究了南阿巴拉契亚山脉森林中的野花观赏，这是基于生物多样性的关键景观消费，并提出了以下问题：（i）野花群落的审美偏好如何随生物多样性组成部分（包括物种丰富度）的变化而变化？ (ii) 不同心理群体对野花群落的审美偏好有何不同？； (iii) 与所揭示的野花群落社会偏好相比，物种丰富度作为 CES 价值指标的表现如何？ 2015 年夏季，对公共森林游客 (n = 293) 进行了调查，并要求从野花群落的图像中进行选择，其中花卉种类丰富度、花朵丰度、物种均匀度、颜色多样性和魅力物种的存在都经过数字处理。图像中的审美偏好与物种丰富度无关，但随着花朵更丰富、物种均匀度更高和颜色多样性更大而增加。不同心理群体的审美偏好是一致的，并且不受当地植物群知识或野花观赏价值的影响。当根据经验测量的花卉物种丰富度或基于显示偏好的多项 Logit 模型对野花观赏效用对实际野花群落 (n = 54) 进行排名时，排名大致相似。然而，仅根据物种丰富度指定热点（CES 值高于中值）就错过了 27% 的野花观赏实用热点。因此，维持 CES 的保护优先事项应纳入社会偏好，并考虑支撑 CES 供应的生物多样性的多个维度。
Many biodiversity-ecosystem services studies omit cultural ecosystem services (CES) or use species richness as a proxy and assume that more species confer greater CES value. We studied wildflower viewing, a key biodiversity-based CES in amenity-based landscapes, in Southern Appalachian Mountain forests and asked (i) How do aesthetic preferences for wildflower communities vary with components of biodiversity, including species richness?; (ii) How do aesthetic preferences for wildflower communities vary across psychographic groups?; and (iii) How well does species richness perform as an indicator of CES value compared with revealed social preferences for wildflower communities? Public forest visitors (n = 293) were surveyed during the summer of 2015 and asked to choose among images of wildflower communities in which flower species richness, flower abundance, species evenness, color diversity, and presence of charismatic species had been digitally manipulated. Aesthetic preferences among images were unrelated to species richness but increased with more abundant flowers, greater species evenness, and greater color diversity. Aesthetic preferences were consistent across psychographic groups and unaffected by knowledge of local flora or value placed on wildflower viewing. When actual wildflower communities (n = 54) were ranked based on empirically measured flower species richness orwildflower viewing utility based on multinomial logit models of revealed preferences, rankings were broadly similar. However, designation of hotspots (CES values above the median) based on species richness alone missed 27% of wildflower viewing utility hotspots. Thus, conservation priorities for sustaining CES should incorporate social preferences and consider multiple dimensions of biodiversity that underpin CES supply.