Time budgets and foraging of breeding golden plover Pluvialis apricaria.
Time budgets and foraging of breeding golden plover Pluvialis apricaria.
复制标题
繁殖金鸻 Pluvialis apricaria 的时间预算和觅食。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Brown
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Whittingham;S. Percival;A. Brown
摘要
1.银杏( )在欧洲具有高度的保育价值。此前的研究主要集中在鸟类如何利用沼地。我们使用无线电遥测来研究它们的栖息地选择和行为，在夜间和白天，在英国达勒姆郡封闭的田野和沼泽地的高地景观中。
2.在孵化过程中， 成鱼主要在距其高地巢1·1~3·7公里的封闭田地取食，但在高地觅食的时间不到5%。相比之下，有窝的鸟大约85%的时间在沼地上觅食。
3.荒地上的 鸟选择石灰性草地，避开茂密的高山石南的老林分(>；等长12厘米)。更年轻、更矮(约5-8厘米)、更稀疏的石南花被使用的次数与预期的一样多。在这两个荒地上，都选择了Hrestail棉草Eriophorum ovinata的Mires，这是石南花被大量放牧时的优势群落类型。
4. 在研究区的85块田地中，只有17块地是通过繁育金丝雀来取食的。据报道，蚯蚓丰度的指标--分子丘的数量是解释田间选择的最佳单变量。场地大小和距道路的距离对场地选择的影响不大，但显著。
5. 我们主张根据保护计划(例如，环境敏感地区协议)，为繁殖季节经常使用的封闭田地群提供具体保护。希望找到这样的田地的自然资源保护者应该寻找蚯蚓数量高的地区，如鼹鼠丘陵所示，靠近金犁繁殖种群(约4千米)。平坦或缓坡地面上的石南花应该通过适当的燃烧或放牧来保持矮小。石灰性草原的面积应该得到保护。
6. 这些数据说明了详细的无线电遥测在为重要鸟类物种提供同样详细的栖息地管理方面的价值。
Summary
1. The golden plover Pluvialis apricaria is of high conservation concern in Europe. Previous studies have concentrated on how birds utilize moorland. We used radio-telemetry to study their habitat selection and behaviour, during both night and day, in an upland landscape of enclosed fields and moorland in county Durham, UK.
2. During incubation adult golden plover fed principally in enclosed fields 1·1–3·7 km from their moorland nests, but spent less than 5% of their foraging time on moorland. In contrast, birds with broods spent around 85% of their time foraging on moorland.
3. Birds on moorland selected calcareous grassland and avoided old stands of dense tall heather (> c. 12 cm). Younger, shorter (< c. 5–8 cm), sparser heather was used as much as would be expected by chance. Mires of harestail cotton grass Eriophorum vaginatum, the dominant community type when heather Calluna vulgaris is heavily grazed, was selected on both moorland sites.
4. Only 17 of 85 fields in the study area were used for foraging by breeding golden plover. The number of molehills, a reported indicator of earthworm abundance, was the best single variable explaining field choice. Both field size and distance from road had small but significant effects on field choice.
5. We advocate that groups of enclosed fields regularly used by golden plover during the breeding season be afforded specific protection under conservation schemes (e.g. environmentally sensitive area agreements). Conservationists wishing to locate such fields should look for areas with high earthworm populations, as indicated by molehills, close (< 4 km) to breeding populations of golden plover. Rank heather on flat or gently sloping ground should be kept short by appropriate burning or grazing. Areas of calcareous grassland should be preserved.
6. These data illustrate the value of detailed radio-telemetry in informing equally detailed habitat management for important bird species.