Untangling the diversity and evolution of tentacles in scallops, oysters, and their relatives (Bivalvia: Pteriomorphia)

Untangling the diversity and evolution of tentacles in scallops, oysters, and their relatives (Bivalvia: Pteriomorphia)
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解开扇贝、牡蛎及其近缘物种触手的多样性和进化(双壳纲:Pteriomorphia)

DOI:
10.1007/s13127-021-00482-3
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Organisms diversity evolution
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Marian, Jose E.A.R.
Marian, Jose E.A.R.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Audino, Jorge A;Serb, Jeanne M;Marian, Jose E.A.R.

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触须是一种迷人的多功能器官,存在于许多水生无脊椎动物群体中。在双壳类中,触手在形态上是多样化的,在来自不同生态位的分类群中扮演着保护和感官的角色。这种多样性在蕨类中尤为突出,这是一个由扇贝、牡蛎、文蛤和近亲组成的支系。然而,人们对这些器官的进化及其在双壳类辐射中的作用知之甚少。为了检验收敛的触角进化假说,以及触角和触须在底物上的身体方位之间的可能联系,我们首先研究了翼形目15科108个保存物种的触须形态。提供了触角类型(内地幔折叠触须,IFT;中地幔折叠触须,MFT)和位置(边缘和近边缘)的形态描述,扩展了对较少研究的双壳类分类群的知识。然后,我们将形态数据集置于分子系统发育框架下,以估计祖先状态。IFT可能有四个独立的起源,而MFT则有两个独立的起源。在获得之后,触角并没有丢失。此外,MFT的进化与扇贝(Pectinida)和牡蛎(Ostreida)分支中矢状面平行于底物的身体位置的转变相吻合。这种转变可能与地幔暴露的增加有关,有利于触角等连续重复器官的出现。总之,我们的结果支持触角在不同的分类水平上的趋同进化,证实了软体动物身体的可塑性和双壳类辐射的进化趋同的相关性。
Tentacles are fascinating, multifunctional organs found in many aquatic invertebrate groups. In bivalves, tentacles are morphologically diverse, performing protective and sensory roles in taxa from different ecological niches. Such diversity is particularly accentuated in Pteriomorphia, a clade comprising scallops, oysters, file clams, and relatives. However, little is known about the evolution of these organs and their role in bivalve radiation. To test hypotheses of convergent tentacular evolution and a possible association between tentacles and body orientation on the substrate, we first examined tentacle morphology in 108 preserved species representing 15 families across Pteriomorphia. Morphological descriptions of tentacle type (inner mantle fold tentacles, IFT; middle mantle fold tentacles, MFT) and position (marginal and submarginal) are provided, expanding the knowledge of less studied bivalve taxa. Then, we placed the morphological dataset under a molecular phylogenetic framework to estimate ancestral states. IFT had likely four independent origins, while MFT emerged twice independently. After being gained, tentacles have not been lost. In addition, evolution of MFT coincides with transitions in body position with the midsagittal plane parallel to the substrate in the clades of scallops (Pectinida) and oysters (Ostreida). Such a shift could be related to the increase of mantle exposure, favoring the emergence of serially repeated organs, such as tentacles. Altogether, our results support the convergent evolution of tentacles across different taxonomic levels, corroborating the plasticity of the molluscan body and the relevance of evolutionary convergences in the radiation of bivalves.
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