GRADIENTS OF APPROACH AND AVOIDANCE RESPONSES AND THEIR RELATION TO LEVEL OF MOTIVATION
GRADIENTS OF APPROACH AND AVOIDANCE RESPONSES AND THEIR RELATION TO LEVEL OF MOTIVATION
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DOI：
10.1037/h0055463
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发表时间：
1948-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
BROWN, JS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BROWN, JS
布朗使用一个装置，其中一只带马具的老鼠拉着一个校准的弹簧，测量了在接近和回避动机的条件下，动物在直巷中施加的力的大小。在46小时的饥饿中，当动物靠近目标时，在接近食物时施加的力比当他在更远的地方时更大。当驾驶减少到1小时剥夺时，注意到外力显著减少。在另一组老鼠中，被训练在小巷的尽头避免电击，施加在近点的力也比施加在远点的力更大;此外，研究表明，回避梯度的斜率比接近梯度的斜率陡得多。另一组，测试与弱休克，表现出较低程度的回避梯度。结果进行了讨论的空间概括和调节过程中的时间因素的作用。19篇参考文献。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2016阿帕，保留所有权利）
Using an apparatus in which a rat in harness pulls against a calibrated spring, Brown measured the amount of force exerted by the animals in a straight alley under conditions of approach and avoidance motivation. With a 46-hour hunger the force exerted in approaching food was found to be greater when the animal was near to the goal than when he was at a more remote point. When the drive was reduced to 1 hour deprivation, a significant reduction in exterted force was noted. In another group of rats, trained to avoid an electric shock at the end of the alley, the force exerted at the near point was also of greater magnitude than at a far point; additionally, it was shown that the slope of the avoidance gradient was much steeper than that of the approach gradient. Another group, tested with weak shock, showed an avoidance gradient of lower degree. The results are discussed in terms of spatial generalization and of the role of temporal factors during conditioning. 19 references.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)