Transmission of viral respiratory infections in the home
Transmission of viral respiratory infections in the home
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DOI：
10.1097/00006454-200010001-00002
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发表时间：
2000-10-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Goldmann, DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Goldmann, DA
几个世纪以来，人们一直认为传染病主要是通过空气中的烟雾传播的。疾病传播的当代概念包括直接接触传播、间接接触传播（主要通过手或污染物）、内源性感染、飞沫接触传播、空气传播（飞沫核、皮肤鳞片和真菌孢子）、普通媒介传播和媒介传播。在日托和家庭中预防病毒感染的传播需要对病原体的传播方式有一个坚定的了解。三种病毒病原体提供了对目前对传染病传播的理解以及仍然存在的知识空白的见解。呼吸道合胞体病毒似乎主要通过接触被污染的呼吸道分泌物而被污染的手传播。关于鼻病毒的主要传播方式仍然存在相当大的争议。一些调查人员认为，在眼睛或鼻子接种疫苗之后，手的污染是最重要的，而另一些人则倾向于通过飞沫和飞沫核传播。关于流感传播的争论集中在这种病毒是否可以通过空气中的飞沫核传播。动物实验和人类自然实验为空气传播提供了相当大的支持。
For centuries it was assumed that infectious diseases were spread primarily by airborne miasms. Contemporary concepts of disease transmission include direct contact spread, indirect contact spread (primarily via hands or fomites), endogenous infection, droplet contact spread, airborne spread (droplet nuclei, skin squames and fungal spores), common vehicle spread and vector spread. Prevention of transmission of viral infection in day care and the home requires a firm understanding of how pathogens are transmitted. Three viral pathogens provide insight into current understanding of the transmission of infectious diseases, as well as remaining knowledge gaps. Respiratory syncytial virus appears to be spread primarily by hands contaminated by contact with contaminated respiratory secretions. There is still considerably controversy regarding the principal mode of transmission for rhinovirus. Some investigators believe that contamination of the hands followed by inoculation of the eyes or nose is of paramount importance, whereas others favor transmission by droplets and droplet nuclei. The controversy regarding transmission of influenza centers on whether or not this virus can be spread by airborne droplet nuclei. Experiments in animals and natural experiments in humans provide considerable support for airborne spread.