Independent losses and duplications of autophagy-related genes in fungal tree of life
Independent losses and duplications of autophagy-related genes in fungal tree of life
复制标题
真菌生命树中自噬相关基因的独立丢失和重复
DOI：
10.1111/1462-2920.14451
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Xu Jin Rong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang Qinhu;Liu Huiquan;Xu Huaijian;Hei Ruonan;Zhang Shijie;Jiang Cong;Xu Jin Rong
自噬在真菌的生长发育和发病机制中起着重要的作用。尽管自噬过程通常被认为是保守的，但全王国中atggenes的保存和进化仍有待研究。在这里，我们系统地鉴定了331个物种中的41个已知基因，并分析了它们在真菌界的分布。一般来说，只有20个atggenes是高度保守的，包括大多数但不是全部的酵母核心自噬机制基因。参与自噬体形成的四个功能蛋白组有保守和非保守成分，表明真菌自噬体形成具有可塑性。在一些具有独特生活方式和生态位的真菌类群中，如微孢子虫、肺囊虫和马拉色菌，全部或大部分keyatg基因丢失。此外，在两种子囊菌有性生殖过程中，大多数atg基因都进行了A - to - I RNA编辑，并且缺失了ofFgATG11，其中编辑位点最多的atg基因影响了子囊孢子的释放。一些核心atg15基因的重复和分化也被观察到，如皮肤植物中高度分化的atg8类似物和蘑菇中的多个atg15重复。综上所述，atggenes的独立丢失和复制发生在整个真菌王国，自噬在不同的谱系和可能不同的发育阶段存在差异。
Autophagy is important for growth, development and pathogenesis in fungi. Although autophagic process is generally considered to be conserved, the conservation and evolution ofATGgenes at kingdom‐wide remains to be conducted. Here we systematically identified 41 knownATGgenes in 331 species and analyzed their distribution across the fungal kingdom. In general, only 20ATGgenes are highly conserved, including most but not all the yeast core‐autophagy‐machinery genes. Four functional protein groups involved in autophagosome formation had conserved and non‐conserved components, suggesting plasticity in autophagosome formation in fungi. All or majority of the keyATGgenes were lost in several fungal groups with unique lifestyles and niches, such as Microsporidia,PneumocystisandMalassezia. Moreover, majority ofATGgenes had A‐to‐I RNA editing during sexual reproduction in two ascomycetes and deletion ofFgATG11, theATGgene with the most editing sites inFusariumaffected ascospore releasing. Duplication and divergence also was observed to several coreATGgenes, such as highly divergentATG8paralogs in dermatophytes and multipleATG15duplications in mushrooms. Taken together, independent losses and duplications ofATGgenes have occurred throughout the fungal kingdom and variations in autophagy exist among different lineages and possibly different developmental stages.