Making Places, Molding Memories: Political and Race-based Origins of Monuments, Memories, and Identities
Making Places, Molding Memories: Political and Race-based Origins of Monuments, Memories, and Identities
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创造场所，塑造记忆：纪念碑、记忆和身份的政治和种族起源
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发表时间：
2009
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通讯作者：
Ezra Zeitler
中科院分区：
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作者：
Ezra Zeitler
这卷历史地理展示了围绕三个一般但相互关联的主题的奖学金-纪念碑，记忆和身份-因为它们涉及到从多个角度的地方制作过程。四位作者共同强调了各种形式的政治野心和政策是如何在文化景观中形成的，以及这些表现形式是如何作为公共记忆融入社会的。欧洲人对外国土地的殖民在土地上留下了不可磨灭的印记，在经历其深远影响的人们的记忆中也留下了不可磨灭的印记作为殖民的固有组成部分，其代理人通过不同的控制方法来进行地盘的制定，从主导的军事存在和严格的法律制度，到引入非正式的文化机构和微妙的反征服形式这些做法中所包含的种族化意识形态造成了殖民空间，这些空间要么使土著社会分离，要么通过同化使土著社会融为一体。艾伦·贝克指出，这种意识形态“不仅在语言中，而且在景观中发挥其权威和表达。景观中的非语言“文件”可以成为强大的视觉标志。地理学家擅长从民族主义、身份、记忆和霸权等不同角度解读这些景观文献。蒂姆·艾登森、斯蒂芬·丹尼尔斯、大卫·哈维、努阿拉·约翰逊、斯蒂芬·莱格、布莱恩·奥斯本等人都注意到，地方和场景是如何被用来象征民族情感和身份的建立纪念碑是将一个民族的记忆和意识形态置于景观之上的一种常见方法。从
This volume of Historical Geography showcases scholarship orbiting three general but interrelated topics—monuments, memory, and identity—as they relate to the place-making process from multiple perspectives. Collectively, four contributors highlight how various guises of political ambition and policy took shape on the cultural landscape and how those manifestations have been integrated into society as public memory. The colonization of foreign lands by Europeans left an indelible imprint on the land and in thememories of those experiencing its far-reaching impact.1 As an inherent part of colonization, the place-making process was conducted by its agents through varying methods of control, ranging from a dominating military presence and strict legal system to the introduction of informal cultural institutions and subtle forms of anti-conquest.2 The racialized ideologies embedded in these practices resulted in colonial spaces which either disassociated Indigenous societies or integrated the Indigenous through assimilation. Alan Baker notes that such ideologies “exert their authority and find expression not only in language but also in landscape. Non-verbal ‘documents’ in the landscape can be powerful visual signs.”3 Interpreting these landscape documents from various perspectives, including nationalism, identity, memory, and hegemony, is something geographers do very well. Tim Edensor, Stephen Daniels, David Harvey, Nuala Johnson, Stephen Legg, Brian Osborne, and others have noted how places and scenes have been used to symbolize national sentiment and identities.4 The erection of monuments is a common method of canonizing the memory and ideology of a nation on the landscape. Ranging from the