The Chemical and Antibacterial Evaluation of St. John's Wort Oil Macerates Used in Kosovar Traditional Medicine.
The Chemical and Antibacterial Evaluation of St. John's Wort Oil Macerates Used in Kosovar Traditional Medicine.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2017.01639
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Quave CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lyles JT;Kim A;Nelson K;Bullard-Roberts AL;Hajdari A;Mustafa B;Quave CL
金丝桃科（Hypericaceae）或圣约翰草（St. John's Wort）是一种著名的药草，通常与治疗焦虑和抑郁有关。此外，其开花地上部分的油浸渍物（Oleum Hyperici）在整个巴尔干半岛的传统医学中广泛用作局部伤口和溃疡药膏。其他研究表明，金丝桃油可以减少伤口大小并缩短愈合时间。在其活性成分中，萘二蒽酮金丝桃素和间苯三酚金丝桃素是针对多种革兰氏阳性菌的有效抗菌化合物。然而，金丝桃素对光和热不稳定，因此不应该存在于光老化油浸渍液中。此外，如果摄入或吸收到皮肤中，金丝桃素会引起光毒性皮肤反应。因此，已建立的化学反应对于这种贯叶连翘油浸渍物来说存在一个悖论：负责抗菌生物活性的金丝桃素应该在制备传统油时在阳光下降解；或者，如果金丝桃素以既定的生物活性水平存在，则油浸渍物应引起光敏性，但尚未有报道。在这项研究中，将贯叶连翘的各种提取物与传统油浸渍物在化学成分和抗菌活性（生长抑制、生物膜形成和群体感应）方面与几种金黄色葡萄球菌菌株进行了比较，以便更好地了解这种传统药物。结果发现，四种科索沃制造的油浸渍剂可有效抑制生物膜形成（MBIC50 活性范围为 0.004–0.016% v/v），对群体感应表现出中等抑制作用（QSIC50 活性范围为 0.064–0.512% v/v），并且含有可检测量的金丝桃素，但不含金丝桃素。总体而言，有机提取物中金丝桃素的含量要高得多，并且这些提取物也表现出更有效的生长抑制活性。总之，这些数据证实，传统皮肤感染治疗中使用的油浸渍剂缺乏在穿叶梭菌使用中引起光毒性反应的化合物，并且表现出抗生物膜和适度的群体猝灭作用，而不是针对金黄色葡萄球菌的生长抑制特性。
Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae), or St. John's Wort, is a well-known medicinal herb often associated with the treatment of anxiety and depression. Additionally, an oil macerate (Oleum Hyperici) of its flowering aerial parts is widely used in traditional medicine across the Balkans as a topical wound and ulcer salve. Other studies have shown that Oleum Hyperici reduces both wound size and healing time. Of its active constituents, the naphthodianthrone hypericin and phloroglucinol hyperforin are effective antibacterial compounds against various Gram-positive bacteria. However, hyperforin is unstable with light and heat, and thus should not be present in the light-aged oil macerate. Additionally, hypericin can cause phototoxic skin reactions if ingested or absorbed into the skin. Therefore, the established chemistry presents a paradox for this H. perforatum oil macerate: the hyperforin responsible for the antibacterial bioactivity should degrade in the sunlight as the traditional oil is prepared; alternately, if hypericin is present in established bioactive levels, then the oil macerate should cause photosensitivity, yet none is reported. In this research, various extracts of H. perforatum were compared to traditional oil macerates with regards to chemical composition and antibacterial activity (inhibition of growth, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing) vs. several strains of Staphylococcus aureus in order to better understand this traditional medicine. It was found that four Kosovar-crafted oil macerates were effective at inhibiting biofilm formation (MBIC50 active range of 0.004–0.016% v/v), exhibited moderate inhibition of quorum sensing (QSIC50 active range of 0.064–0.512% v/v), and contained detectable amounts of hyperforin, but not hypericin. Overall, levels of hypericin were much higher in the organic extracts, and these also exhibited more potent growth inhibitory activity. In conclusion, these data confirm that oil macerates employed in traditional treatments of skin infection lack the compound credited with phototoxic reactions in H. perforatum use and exhibit anti-biofilm and modest quorum quenching effects, rather than growth inhibitory properties against S. aureus.