How Legacies of Genocide Are Transmitted in the Family Environment: A Qualitative Study of Two Generations in Rwanda
How Legacies of Genocide Are Transmitted in the Family Environment: A Qualitative Study of Two Generations in Rwanda
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DOI：
10.3390/soc7030024
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Hola, Barbora
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Berckmoes, Lidewyde H.;Eichelsheim, Veroni;Hola, Barbora
1994年在卢旺达对图西人的种族灭绝及其后果导致了大规模的个人创伤、家庭结构的破坏、性别角色的转变以及社区的紧张关系，这些都是目前正在进行的。世界各地以往的研究表明，大规模暴力对个人、家庭和社区的跨代影响。在卢旺达，鉴于过去一再发生的暴力事件，有必要注意潜在的暴力循环。暴力代代相传的假设最初是在关于家庭暴力和虐待儿童的研究中提出的，但在受冲突影响的社会中越来越受到关注。然而，代际传递背后的机制仍然知之甚少。基于对41名母亲及其青春期孩子的定性研究，我们调查了1994年种族灭绝及其后果的遗产如何通过卢旺达家庭环境中的过程传递给下一代。我们的研究结果揭示了直接和间接的传播途径。我们还认为，代际效应可能最好被描述为异型：种族灭绝及其后果导致儿童生活中的多重挑战，但不一定转化为新的身体暴力。需要进一步研究儿童如何积极参与过去的冲突遗留问题。
The 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda and its aftermath led to large-scale individual traumatization, disruption of family structures, shifts in gender roles, and tensions in communities, which are all ongoing. Previous research around the world has demonstrated the transgenerational effects of mass violence on individuals, families and communities. In Rwanda, in light of recurrent episodes of violence in the past, attention to the potential cycle of violence' is warranted. The assumption that violence is passed from generation to generation was first formulated in research on domestic violence and child abuse, but is receiving increasing attention in conflict-affected societies. However, the mechanisms behind intergenerational transmission are still poorly understood. Based on qualitative research with 41 mothers and their adolescent children, we investigated how legacies of the 1994 genocide and its aftermath are transmitted to the next generation through processes in the family environment in Rwanda. Our findings reveal direct and indirect pathways of transmission. We also argue that intergenerational effects might best be described as heterotypic: genocide and its aftermath lead to multiple challenges in the children's lives, but do not necessarily translate into new physical violence. Further research is needed on how children actively engage with conflict legacies of the past.