Lexical and Structural Biases in the Acquisition of Motion Verbs
Lexical and Structural Biases in the Acquisition of Motion Verbs
复制标题
运动动词习得中的词汇和结构偏差
DOI：
10.1080/15475440903352781
复制
发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Stathis Selimis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Papafragou;Stathis Selimis
众所周知，语言在如何编码运动方面有所不同。诸如英语之类的语言使用传达运动方式的动词（例如，climb，float），而诸如希腊语之类的语言通常在动词中编码运动的路径（例如，前进，退出）。在两项研究中，英语和希腊语的成年人和五奥尔兹，我们问这样的词汇限制是如何结合使用的结构线索，在假设意义的新的运动动词跨语言。我们发现，词汇化偏见影响的解释运动动词在幼儿和成人在不同的语言，此外，其应用范围比以前认为的更大，因为它们也延伸到域引起的运动事件。最重要的是，我们发现，这种偏见的语言特定的影响与普遍的句法结构和语义内容之间的映射。最后，我们证明了词汇和结构线索的综合作用，在事件分类过程中观察到的非语言偏见：即使英语和希腊语的发言者在分类自发和引起的运动共享非语言偏好，他们专注于不同的组件的运动事件时，建立假设的意义，新的运动动词。
It is well known that languages differ in how they encode motion. Languages such as English use verbs that communicate the manner of motion (e.g., climb, float), while languages such as Greek often encode the path of motion in verbs (e.g., advance, exit). In two studies with English- and Greek-speaking adults and five year olds, we ask how such lexical constraints are used in combination with structural cues in hypothesizing meanings for novel motion verbs cross-linguistically. We show that lexicalization biases affect the interpretations of motion verbs in both young children and adults across different languages; furthermore, their scope of application is larger than previously thought, since they also extend to the domain of caused motion events. Crucially, we find that the language-specific effects of such biases interact with universal mappings between syntactic structure and semantic content. Finally, we demonstrate that the combined effects of lexical and structural cues shift nonlinguistic biases observed during event categorization: even though speakers of English and Greek share nonlinguistic preferences in categorizing spontaneous and caused motion, they focus on different components of motion events when building hypotheses about the meaning of novel motion verbs.