Federal funding and the rate and direction of inventive activity
Federal funding and the rate and direction of inventive activity
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DOI：
10.1016/j.respol.2018.06.009
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Shi, Yuan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Corredoira, Rafael A.;Goldfarb, Brent D.;Shi, Yuan
利用一种新的专利引用树测量方法（Corredoira和Banerjee，2015），我们证明了由联邦政府资助的研究与更活跃、更多样化的技术轨迹有关。我们的发现将政府资助与突破性发明联系起来。这种差异在长期专利影响力分布的上半部分尤其明显，主要来自于联邦政府以外进行的由国防部、卫生与公众服务部和国家科学基金会赞助的研究。政府资助的专利是对更广泛技术的投入。其他分析表明，联邦项目投资于私营公司回避的一些技术领域，联邦资助的大学专利与非联邦资助的大学专利属于不同的技术类别。从这个意义上说，政府在创造活动的速度和方向上可能发挥着不可替代的作用。“一般来说，政府的科学机构不像工业实验室那样关心眼前的实际目标，另一方面，他们也不像教育和私人研究机构那样自由地探索任何自然现象，而不考虑可能的经济应用。万尼瓦尔·布什，《科学：无尽的边疆》，1945年。
Leveraging a new measure of patent citation trees (Corredoira and Banerjee, 2015), we demonstrate that research funded by the federal government is associated with more active and diverse technological trajectories. Our findings tie government funding to breakthrough inventions. The differences are especially evident at the upper percentiles of the distribution of long term patent influence and stem primarily from research conducted outside the federal government and sponsored by the DOD, HHS and NSF. Government funded patents are inputs into a broader range of technologies. Additional analyses indicate that federal programs invest in some technological areas that private corporations eschew, and federally funded university patents are in different technological classes than non-federally funded university patents. In this sense, the government may play an irreplaceable role in the rate and direction of inventive activity."Generally speaking, the scientific agencies of Government are not so concerned with immediate practical objectives as are the laboratories of industry nor, on the other hand, are they as free to explore any natural phenomena without regard to possible economic applications as are the educational and private research institutions." - Vannevar Bush, Science the Endless Frontier", 1945.