Income inequality and the developing child: Is it all relative?
Income inequality and the developing child: Is it all relative?
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收入不平等和发展中的孩子：都是相对的吗？
DOI：
10.1037/a0039836
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发表时间：
2015-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Odgers CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Odgers CL
来自低收入家庭的儿童面临着许多不良后果的风险，包括抑郁症，反社会行为，身体健康状况不佳和教育失败。在贫困中长大通常被视为对儿童发展有害。然而，人们对儿童与同龄人之间的“经济距离”如何影响行为和健康知之甚少。本文探讨了贫困和低收入儿童与同龄人之间日益扩大的鸿沟如何影响低收入儿童的生活机会。在富裕国家中，在收入不平等程度较高的国家长大的儿童在健康、教育程度和福祉等多项指标上的表现一直较差。尽管证据喜忧参半，但新的研究表明，当低收入家庭的儿童与处境相似的同龄人一起生活和上学时，他们可能会经历更糟糕的结果，并处于一种“双重劣势”。主观社会地位（SSS）可能发挥的作用，在理解为什么一些低收入家庭的孩子似乎是在财富的阴影下受苦的探索，同时呼吁更多的研究集中在儿童如何来理解，并回应，他们的感知社会地位。
Children from low-income families are at heightened risk for a number of poor outcomes, including depression, antisocial behavior, poor physical health and educational failure. Growing up in poverty is generally seen as toxic for children’s development. However, less is known about how the “economic distance” between children and their peers influences behavior and health. This paper examines how both poverty and the growing divide between low-income children and their peers may be influencing low-income children’s life chances. Among wealthy nations, children growing up in countries with higher levels of income inequality consistently fare worse on multiple indices of health, educational attainment and wellbeing. Although evidence has been mixed, new research suggests that low-income children may be experiencing worse outcomes, and a form of “double disadvantage”, when they live and attend school alongside more affluent versus similarly positioned peers. The role that subjective social status (SSS) may play in understanding why some low-income children appear to be suffering in the shadow of wealth is explored, alongside a call for additional research focused on how children come to understand, and respond to, their perceived social status.