Patterns of urban violent injury: a spatio-temporal analysis.
Patterns of urban violent injury: a spatio-temporal analysis.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0008669
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发表时间：
2010-01-13
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Chipman M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cusimano M;Marshall S;Rinner C;Jiang D;Chipman M
与暴力行为有关的伤害是每个社会都存在的问题。尽管一些作者研究了暴力犯罪的地理特征，但很少有人关注暴力伤害的时空模式，也没有人使用救护车数据集来探索伤害的空间特征。本研究的目的是描述一个大型城市中心的暴力伤害的综合时空特征。使用地理信息框架和地理信息系统软件，我们研究了2002年和2004年期间加拿大多伦多成人（18-64岁）暴力伤害事件的4,587辆救护车调度和10,693例急诊室就诊情况，使用基于人口的数据集。我们创建了24小时和每天4小时时段的核密度和choropleth地图，并将救护车调度和患者住所的位置与当地土地利用和社会经济特征进行了比较。我们使用多元回归来控制混杂因素。我们发现暴力伤害的地点和受伤者的居住地点彼此密切相关，并且明显聚集在城市的某些地区，这些地区的酒吧、社会住房单位和无家可归者收容所数量众多，家庭收入较低。夜间和清晨出现了明显的受伤高峰，受伤地点也向“夜生活”区转移。在此期间，患者住所的位置格局保持不变。我们的研究结果表明，救护车数据反映了暴力伤害的独特时空格局。在这个城市中心受伤的人通常生活在社会贫困地区。在白天，受伤地点和居住地点是相似的。然而，在深夜，伤害密度最高的地点转移到“夜生活”区，而最易受伤的人的居住地点没有变化。
Injury related to violent acts is a problem in every society. Although some authors have examined the geography of violent crime, few have focused on the spatio-temporal patterns of violent injury and none have used an ambulance dataset to explore the spatial characteristics of injury. The purpose of this study was to describe the combined spatial and temporal characteristics of violent injury in a large urban centre. Using a geomatics framework and geographic information systems software, we studied 4,587 ambulance dispatches and 10,693 emergency room admissions for violent injury occurrences among adults (aged 18–64) in Toronto, Canada, during 2002 and 2004, using population-based datasets. We created kernel density and choropleth maps for 24-hour periods and four-hour daily time periods and compared location of ambulance dispatches and patient residences with local land use and socioeconomic characteristics. We used multivariate regressions to control for confounding factors. We found the locations of violent injury and the residence locations of those injured were both closely related to each other and clearly clustered in certain parts of the city characterised by high numbers of bars, social housing units, and homeless shelters, as well as lower household incomes. The night and early morning showed a distinctive peak in injuries and a shift in the location of injuries to a “nightlife” district. The locational pattern of patient residences remained unchanged during those times. Our results demonstrate that there is a distinctive spatio-temporal pattern in violent injury reflected in the ambulance data. People injured in this urban centre more commonly live in areas of social deprivation. During the day, locations of injury and locations of residences are similar. However, later at night, the injury location of highest density shifts to a “nightlife” district, whereas the residence locations of those most at risk of injury do not change.
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影响因子：
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