Grassland degradation-induced declines in soil fungal complexity reduce fungal community stability and ecosystem multifunctionality
Grassland degradation-induced declines in soil fungal complexity reduce fungal community stability and ecosystem multifunctionality
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草地退化引起的土壤真菌复杂性下降降低了真菌群落的稳定性和生态系统的多功能性
DOI：
10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108865
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发表时间：
2022-10
影响因子：
9.7
通讯作者：
S. Luo;Kenny Png;N. Ostle;Hua-kun Zhou;Xiangyang Hou;Chunling Luo;J. Quinton;U. Schaffner;Christopher Sweeney;Dangjun Wang;Jihua Wu;Yuwei Wu;R. Bardgett
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文献类型：
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作者：
S. Luo;Kenny Png;N. Ostle;Hua-kun Zhou;Xiangyang Hou;Chunling Luo;J. Quinton;U. Schaffner;Christopher Sweeney;Dangjun Wang;Jihua Wu;Yuwei Wu;R. Bardgett
土壤微生物是生态系统功能的主要调节者，并受到人为干扰的威胁。这些威胁包括草原退化，估计影响全球 49% 的草原面积，威胁生物多样性和生态系统功能。然而，我们目前缺乏对草原退化如何影响地下微生物群落、其稳定性和功能以及如何有效恢复这些重要地下财产的了解。在这里，我们沿着青藏高原草地退化和恢复的明确梯度评估了土壤真菌网络的复杂性和一系列生态系统功能，并进行了配套的微观实验，旨在测试复杂性对土壤真菌群落稳定性的影响。我们发现，随着草原退化程度的加剧，在实验室条件下遇到干旱时，土壤真菌群落变得不那么复杂，组成也更不稳定。此外，这种退化引起的真菌群落复杂性降低与生态系统多功能性降低有关。然而，经过十年的草地恢复，真菌群落和生态系统多功能性仍未能恢复。我们的结果表明，退化引起的真菌群落简化可能会损害真菌群落的稳定性和生态系统的多功能性，从而凸显了保护和恢复具有复杂地下微生物群落的健康草原的必要性。
Soil microorganisms are major regulators of ecosystem functioning and are under threat from human-induced disturbances. Among these threats is grassland degradation, which is estimated to affect 49% of the grassland area worldwide, threatening biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Yet, we currently lack an understanding of how grassland degradation influences belowground microbial communities, their stability, and functioning, and how effective restoration efforts are for the recovery of these important belowground properties. Here, we assessed soil fungal network complexity and a suite of ecosystem functions along a well-characterised gradient of grassland degradation and restoration on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and conducted an accompanying microcosm experiment designed to test the effects of complexity on stability in soil fungal communities. We found that with increasing levels of grassland degradation, soil fungal communities became less complex and were less compositionally stable when confronted with drought under laboratory conditions. Moreover, this degradation-induced reduction in fungal community complexity was associated with lower ecosystem multifunctionality. However, fungal communities and ecosystem multifunctionality failed to recover even after ten years of grassland restoration. Our results indicate that degradation-induced simplification of fungal communities can potentially impair fungal community stability and ecosystem multifunctionality, thereby highlighting the need to protect and restore healthy grasslands with complex belowground microbial communities.