Using Inuit traditional ecological knowledge for detecting and monitoring avian cholera among Common Eiders in the eastern Canadian Arctic
Using Inuit traditional ecological knowledge for detecting and monitoring avian cholera among Common Eiders in the eastern Canadian Arctic
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利用因纽特人传统生态知识检测和监测加拿大东部北极地区绒鸭中的禽霍乱
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发表时间：
2018
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通讯作者：
H. Gilchrist
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作者：
D. Henri;Frankie Jean;H. Gilchrist
近几十年来，传统生态知识（TEK）在加拿大和其他地方的野生动物管理和生物多样性保护中发挥着越来越大的作用。本研究探讨了因纽特人TEK（这是因纽特人Qaujimajatuqangit或因纽特人的传统知识的一个方面）可以提供检测和监测禽霍乱和其他疾病相关的死亡率之间的北方普通艾德斯（Somateria mollissima borealis）在加拿大北极地区东部养殖的潜在贡献。禽霍乱是一种传染病（多杀性巴氏杆菌），由于其在重复的动物流行病中可能导致几种鸟类的高发病率和死亡率，因此一直是一个主要的保护问题;自20世纪40年代以来，它在北美的地理范围内蔓延。2004年，来自魁北克努纳维克的伊武吉维克的因纽特猎人首先在哈德逊湾东北部和哈德逊海峡西部筑巢的北方普通艾德鸡中发现了禽流感疫情。对鸟类组织的实验室分析证实该地区存在禽霍乱。从2007年到2009年，我们收集了因纽特人TEK关于普通艾德士和其他鸟类的死亡率北部和西部的地方首次发现疫情。在Kimmirut，Cape Dorset，Coral Harbour和伊格卢利克，努纳武特，加拿大（n = 40）的社区采访期间，因纽特人参与者报告说，在北方哈德逊海峡，哈德逊湾和福克斯盆地，他们总共看到了8只普通艾德和41只其他鸟类的标本。大多数观察到的疾病和死亡事件发生在海上、海冰上或小型筑巢岛屿上。这些事件可能不会被生物学家发现，他们主要是在该地区的大型筑巢岛屿上监测禽霍乱疫情。因纽特人的参与者很容易回忆起他们观察到的时间、地点和病死鸟的数量。一些国家报告了与禽霍乱相符的疾病迹象。因纽特人还透露了大约60年前和一个世纪前发生的两次鸟类集体死亡事件的知识。受访者表示，禽霍乱可能造成的鸟类大规模死亡事件在2004年之前没有发生在研究地区，支持禽霍乱只是最近才出现在加拿大北极东部的假设。这项研究表明，TEK可以成为监测偏远地区未来禽霍乱疫情和其他野生动物疾病的宝贵工具。
In recent decades, traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) has played an increasing role in wildlife management and biodiversity conservation in Canada and elsewhere. This study examined the potential contribution that Inuit TEK (which is one aspect of Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit or Inuit traditional knowledge) could offer to detect and monitor avian cholera and other disease-related mortality among Northern Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima borealis) breeding in the eastern Canadian Arctic. Avian cholera is an infectious disease (Pasteurella multocida) that has been a major conservation issue because of its potential to cause high rates of disease and mortality in several bird species in repeating epizootics; it has spread geographically in North America since the 1940s. In 2004, Inuit hunters from Ivujivik, Nunavik, Quebec, were the first to detect avian disease outbreaks among Northern Common Eiders nesting in northeastern Hudson Bay and western Hudson Strait. Laboratory analysis of bird tissues confirmed avian cholera in that region. From 2007 to 2009, we collected Inuit TEK about mortality among Common Eiders and other bird species north and west of where the outbreaks were first detected. During interviews in the communities of Kimmirut, Cape Dorset, Coral Harbour, and Igloolik, Nunavut, Canada (n = 40), Inuit participants reported seeing a total of 8 Common Eiders and 41 specimens of other bird species either sick or dead in northern Hudson Strait, Hudson Bay, and Foxe Basin. Most of the observed disease and mortality events were at sea, on sea ice, or on small nesting islands. Such events probably would have gone undetected by biologists, who were mainly monitoring avian cholera outbreaks on large nesting islands in that region. Inuit participants readily recalled details about the timing, location, and numbers of sick and dead birds that they observed. Some reported signs of disease that were consistent with avian cholera. Inuit also revealed knowledge of two past bird mass mortality events that took place about 60 years and a century ago. Those interviewed indicated that that bird mass mortality events potentially caused by avian cholera had not occurred in the study area prior to 2004, supporting the hypothesis that avian cholera emerged only recently in the eastern Canadian Arctic. This study demonstrated that TEK can be a valuable tool for monitoring future avian cholera outbreaks and other wildlife diseases in remote regions.