Protection of children in forward-facing child restraint systems during oblique side impact sled tests: Intrusion and tether effects
Protection of children in forward-facing child restraint systems during oblique side impact sled tests: Intrusion and tether effects
复制标题
在倾斜侧面碰撞雪橇测试中，前向儿童约束系统对儿童的保护：侵入和系绳效应
作者：
H. Hauschild;J. Humm;F. Pintar;N. Yoganandan;Bruce A Kaufman;Jinyong Kim;M. Maltese;K. Arbogast
摘要目的：进行了测试，以量化运动学，头部碰撞的可能性，并对头部损伤指标的影响，为中心坐在Q3的前向儿童约束系统（FFCRS）在倾斜的影响。探讨了系绳和入侵门对这些措施的影响。方法：在一个可转换的前向儿童约束座椅（FFCRS）上进行了9次侧向倾斜雪橇试验。FFCRS固定在中心座椅位置的一个长凳上，该长凳来自一辆流行的生产型小型SUV，使用儿童用下部锚和系绳（LATCH）。车辆座椅固定在雪橇架上，与全正面成60°和80°（与纯侧向成30°和10°向前旋转），为Q3和FFCRS提供倾斜侧向加速度。模拟入侵门的结构被安装到车辆座椅的近侧（左侧）。滑车输入加速度是提议的FMVSS 213横向脉冲，按比例缩放到35 km/h Δ V。在有和没有系链连接到FFCRS的情况下进行了试验。结果如下：结果表明，在斜侧面碰撞的中心或远侧坐的儿童乘员的运动学和伤害措施的系绳的影响。所有未使用系绳的测试均导致头部与模拟门接触，使用系绳在较小倾角（80°）下进行的2次测试也导致头部接触。在使用系绳的2项试验中未观察到头-门接触。高速视频分析显示，头部移动到CRS头部侧翼之外，并与模拟入侵门接触。头部损伤标准（HIC）15中位值为589（无系绳）与332（连接系绳）。使用系绳的测试的侧向头部偏移小于不使用系绳的测试（中位数400与442 mm）。结论：这些测试证明了系绳在控制倾斜侧面碰撞碰撞中中心或远侧座椅儿童乘员的头部偏移以及限制车门被侵入时头部受伤的可能性方面的重要作用。在车门或侧部结构与CRS相互作用并影响其运动的情况下，系绳可能不会强烈地影响近侧就座的乘员的运动学。结果表明，通过不同的CRS连接方法和/或替代车辆侧面结构保护或衬垫，可能有机会改善儿童头部运动学和倾斜侧面碰撞中的头部保护。
ABSTRACT Objective: Testing was conducted to quantify the kinematics, potential for head impact, and influence on head injury metrics for a center-seated Q3s in a forward-facing child restraint system (FFCRS) in oblique impacts. The influences of a tether and intruded door on these measures were explored. Methods: Nine lateral oblique sled tests were conducted on a convertible forward-facing child restraint seat (FFCRS). The FFCRSs were secured to a bench seat from a popular production small SUV at the center seating position utilizing the lower anchor and tether for children (LATCH). The vehicle seat was fixed on the sled carriage at 60° and 80° from full frontal (30° and 10° forward rotation from pure lateral) providing an oblique lateral acceleration to the Q3s and FFCRS. A structure simulating an intruded door was mounted to the near (left) side of vehicle seat. The sled input acceleration was the proposed FMVSS 213 lateral pulse scaled to a 35 km/h delta-V. Tests were conducted with and without the tether attached to the FFCRS. Results: Results indicate the influence of the tether on kinematics and injury measures in oblique side impact crashes for a center- or far-side-seated child occupant. All tests without a tether resulted in head contact with the simulated door, and 2 tests at the less oblique angle (80°) with a tether also resulted in head contact. No head-to-door contact was observed in 2 tests utilizing a tether. High-speed video analysis showed that the head moved beyond the CRS head side wings and made contact with the simulated intruded door. Head injury criterion (HIC) 15 median values were 589 without the tether vs. 332 with the tether attached. Tests utilizing a tether had less lateral head excursion than tests without a tether (median 400 vs. 442 mm). Conclusion: These tests demonstrate the important role of the tether in controlling head excursion for center- or far-side-seated child occupants in oblique side impact crashes and limiting the head injury potential with an intruded door. The tether may not influence the kinematics of a near-side-seated occupant as strongly where the vehicle door or side structure interacts with the CRS and influences its motion. The results indicate that there may be an opportunity to improve child head kinematics and head protection in oblique side impacts through different CRS attachment methods and/or alternative vehicle side structure protection or padding.