PHYLOGENY OF THE MALARIAL GENUS PLASMODIUM, DERIVED FROM RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE-SEQUENCES
PHYLOGENY OF THE MALARIAL GENUS PLASMODIUM, DERIVED FROM RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE-SEQUENCES
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.91.24.11373
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发表时间：
1994-11-22
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
AYALA, FJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ESCALANTE, AA;AYALA, FJ
疟疾是人类最严重的疾病之一，影响着数百万人，特别是热带地区的人。人类疟疾是由几种疟原虫（一种寄生原生动物）引起的。我们分析了11种疟原虫的小亚基rRNA基因序列，其中包括3种寄生于人类的疟原虫，以推断它们的进化关系。恶性疟原虫是人类中毒性最强的一种，与寄生在黑猩猩身上的莱切诺氏疟原虫密切相关。这两种疟原虫的分化时间估计与人类和黑猩猩谱系的分化时间（600万至1000万年前）一致。恶性疟原虫-赖氏分支与其他两种人类寄生虫三日疟原虫和间日疟原虫只有很小的关系，这两种寄生虫彼此之间也只有很小的关系。因此，疟原虫种与其人类宿主的寄生关系是遗传学上独立的。两种鸟类寄生虫，鸡疟原虫和疟原虫lophurae，和任何人类寄生虫之间的远程系统发育关系提供了没有支持的假设，即恶性疟原虫感染是最近收购的人类，可能与农业的开始。
Malaria is among mankind's worst scourges, affecting many millions of people, particularly in the tropics. Human malaria is caused by several species of Plasmodium, a parasitic protozoan. We analyze the small subunit rRNA gene sequences of 11 Plasmodium species, including three parasitic to humans, to infer their evolutionary relationships. Plasmodium falciparum, the most virulent of the human species, is closely related to Plasmodium reichenowi, which is parasitic to chimpanzee. The estimated time of divergence of these two Plasmodium species is consistent with the time of divergence (6-10 million years ago) between the human and chimpanzee lineages. The falciparum-reichenowi clade is only remotely related to two other human parasites, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium vivax, which are also only remotely related to each other. Thus, the parasitic associations of the Plasmodium species with their human hosts are phylogenetically independent. The remote phylogenetic relationship between the two bird parasites, Plasmodium gallinaceum and Plasmodium lophurae, and any of the human parasites provides no support for the hypothesis that infection by Plasmodium falciparum is a recent acquisition of humans, possibly coincident with the onset of agriculture.