Optimal reproductive phenology under size-dependent cannibalism
Optimal reproductive phenology under size-dependent cannibalism
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大小依赖性同类相食下的最佳繁殖物候
DOI：
10.1002/ece3.6192
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Oyvind Fiksen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nao Takashina;Oyvind Fiksen
队列内同类相食是体型介导的优先效应的一个例子。如果生命早期阶段会吃掉稍小的个体，那么父母就面临着在幼虫生长或发育的最佳时间繁殖和早期出生的后代的捕食风险之间的权衡。父母之间的这种博弈论情况可能会促使适应性生殖物候学更早地繁殖。然而，量化同类相食如何影响季节性鸡蛋健身或区分新兴的繁殖物候与其他适应性驱动因素并不简单。在这里，我们设计了一个年龄结构的博弈论数学模型，以找到进化稳定的繁殖物候。我们预测了大小依赖的同类相食作用于卵、幼虫或两者如何改变紧急繁殖物候，并发现在群际同类相食下的繁殖发生早于与环境条件的最佳匹配。我们发现，在人口水平的紧急繁殖物候模式是敏感的个体发生的同类相食，也就是说，生命阶段是受同类相食。这表明，在生命早期阶段的同类相食的性质是一个潜在的驱动因素的多样性的生殖物候看到整个类群，并可能是一个促成因素的情况下，繁殖发生早于预期的环境条件。
Intra‐cohort cannibalism is an example of a size‐mediated priority effect. If early life stages cannibalize slightly smaller individuals, then parents face a trade‐off between breeding at the best time for larval growth or development and predation risk from offspring born earlier. This game‐theoretic situation among parents may drive adaptive reproductive phenology toward earlier breeding. However, it is not straightforward to quantify how cannibalism affects seasonal egg fitness or to distinguish emergent breeding phenology from alternative adaptive drivers. Here, we devise an age‐structured game‐theoretic mathematical model to find evolutionary stable breeding phenologies. We predict how size‐dependent cannibalism acting on eggs, larvae, or both changes emergent breeding phenology and find that breeding under inter‐cohort cannibalism occurs earlier than the optimal match to environmental conditions. We show that emergent breeding phenology patterns at the level of the population are sensitive to the ontogeny of cannibalism, that is, which life stage is subject to cannibalism. This suggests that the nature of cannibalism among early life stages is a potential driver of the diversity of reproductive phenologies seen across taxa and may be a contributing factor in situations where breeding occurs earlier than expected from environmental conditions.