State forestry and spatial scale in the development discourses of post‐colonial Tanzania: 1961–1971
State forestry and spatial scale in the development discourses of post‐colonial Tanzania: 1961–1971
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后殖民时期坦桑尼亚发展话语中的国家林业和空间规模：1961-1971
DOI：
10.1111/j.0016-7398.2003.00099.x
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Andrew Hurst
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andrew Hurst
独立时，坦桑尼亚林业工作者认为，国家主导的林业可以为这个新独立国家的发展愿望做出持久贡献。然而，在朱利叶斯·尼雷尔的社会经济改革计划中，他们逐渐被边缘化。通过探索当时竞争性土地使用话语的空间维度，我希望对林业边缘化是如何以及为什么发生的提供一种解释。我认为，至少有一些这种边缘化的结果，在林业和更大的，同期的社会经济和政治话语占主导地位的时期之间的重点规模固有的差异。在独立时，尼雷尔将发展努力更直接地定位于国家的国家政治机构内，并为整个国家服务。由于坦桑尼亚林业人员与国际林业秩序的专业和话语联系及其空间偏见，他们处于不利地位，无法应对或适应政治话语和资源开采经济条件的变化。简而言之，它们无法适应坦桑尼亚发展规模的变化。最后，我提出两点建议。首先，土地利用和自然资源管理的选择在后殖民坦桑尼亚的历史可以更好地理解通过历史地理，或空间化的理论框架。第二，当前的历史地理理论可以通过反思其在描述和解释后殖民发展背景下的土地使用政治方面的效用来进行微调。
At independence, Tanzanian foresters believed that state-led forestry could provide a lasting contribution to the development aspirations of the newly independent country. Yet they were gradually marginalized within Julius Nyerere's project of socio-economic transformation. By exploring the spatial dimensions of competing land use discourses of the time, I hope to offer an interpretation as to how and why forestry's marginalization happened. I argue that at least some of this marginalization was the result of differences inherent in the scale of focus between forestry and the larger, contemporaneous socio-economic and political discourses dominant in the period. At independence, Nyerere positioned development efforts more squarely within the national political institutions of the state and for the nation, writ whole. With its professional and discursive ties to an international forestry order and its spatial biases, Tanzanian foresters were poorly placed to respond or adapt to changes in the political discourse and in the economic conditions of resource extraction. In short, they were unable to adjust to changes in the scale of development praxis in Tanzania. I conclude by suggesting two points. First, that the history of land use and natural resource management choices in post-colonial Tanzania can be better understood through a historical-geographical, or spatialized, theoretical framework. Second, that current historical-geographical theory could be fine tuned through reflection on its utility in describing and explaining land use politics in post-colonial developing contexts.