Surface chemistry of Luminescent Silicon Nanocrystallites
Surface chemistry of Luminescent Silicon Nanocrystallites
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DOI：
10.1002/adma.19970091004
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发表时间：
1997-10
影响因子：
29.4
通讯作者：
M. Sailor;Eric J. Lee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Sailor;Eric J. Lee
在1989年，研究人员发现硅晶片可以被电化学蚀刻以产生光致发光多孔硅的有效室温光致发光的发现是令人震惊的，因为硅是一种相对非发射的间接带隙材料。多孔硅由硅纳米晶的网络组成，并且光致发光被认为是由这些纳米晶畴内的量子限制效应引起的。除了这种材料提出的有趣的基本科学问题外，多孔硅还产生了相当大的技术兴趣，因为它可以方便地将光学元件并入硅集成电路。近年来，多孔硅电致发光元件在微电子电路中的成功应用，极大地增加了其商业应用的可能性。[ ~ ]由于纳米颗粒的高表面积与体积比，相对于体半导体，表面的化学物质可以在影响这些材料的物理和化学性质方面发挥更大的作用，并且近年来已经开发了大量新的化学反应来探测表面物质对纳米晶硅中电子结构的影响。除了提供对半导体中电子缺陷和重组过程的本质的基本见解之外，硅界面化学的研究还提供与各种应用相关的信息：电致发光显示设备、化学传感器、生物相容传感器或微生理仪以及硅基微机械，仅举几例。多孔硅的高表面积在这些研究中特别有用，因为它使得通过红外或拉曼光谱对表面进行光谱表征相对容易。在这份报告中，我们提出的化学反应，已开发出合理修改多孔和单晶硅表面。
In 1989 researchers discovered that silicon wafers could be electrochemically etched to produce a photoluminescent porous The discovery of efficient room temperature photoluminescence from Si was startling, because silicon is a relatively non-emissive indirect-bandgap material. Porous silicon consists of a network of silicon nanocrystallites, and the photoluminescence is believed to arise from quantum confinement effects within these nanocrystalline domains. In addition to the interesting fundamental scientific questions that this material presented, porous Si generated considerable technological interest because it may allow the convenient incorporation of optical elements into Si integrated circuits. The recent successful demonstration of a stable and efficient electroluminescent porous Si element incorporated into a microelectronic circuit has increased the possibility of commercial applications signific a n t ~ ~ . [ ~ ] Because of the high surface-to-volume ratio of nanoparticles, chemical species at the surface can play a larger role in influencing the photophysical and chemical properties of these materials relative to bulk semiconductors, and in recent years there has been an explosion of new chemical reactions developed to probe the influence of surface species on electronic structure in nanocrystalline silicon. In addition to providing fundamental insights into the nature of electronic defects and recombination processes in semiconductors, studies of the chemistry of silicon interfaces supply information relevant to a variety of applications: electroluminescent display devices, chemical sensors, biologically compatible sensors or microphysiometers, and siliconbased micromachines, to name a few. The high surface area of porous silicon has been particularly useful in these studies because it makes spectroscopic characterization of the surface by infrared or Raman spectroscopy relatively easy. In this report, we present the chemical reactions which have been developed to rationally modify both porous and single-crystal silicon surfaces.