Why we need to know what and where cows are urinating - a urine sensor to improve nitrogen models
Why we need to know what and where cows are urinating - a urine sensor to improve nitrogen models
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为什么我们需要知道奶牛排尿的内容和位置 - 改进氮模型的尿液传感器
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Ganesh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Betteridge;D. Costall;L. F.Y;D. Luo;S. Ganesh
放牧牲畜的尿液是环境中氮（N）浸出的最大贡献者。虽然许多 N 循环模型使用平均尿液排泄物作为输入数据，但各个排尿事件的浓度和体积可能存在很大差异。饲养营会接收大量尿液，造成氮淋滤的高风险，特别是当动物被饲养数天时。描述了一种新的尿液传感器，以及断食奶牛尿液特征的变化。根据传感器数据收集对氮浸出进行建模，并将围场规模的估计值与基于平均尿液数据的估计值进行比较。两种浮石土壤的估计氮淋滤量存在 10% 的差异，但与平均尿液值相比，当使用不同的尿液值时，两种浮石土壤的氮淋滤量均减少 10%。新数据显示排尿事件中尿氮浓度的频率分布模式与使用早期数据估计的不同。因此，频率分布模式对模拟的氮浸出损失有很大影响，需要基于广泛的数据收集来增加改进氮浸出估计的信心。露营地占山地围场面积的 5-15%，约占所有排泄尿液的一半；可以使用农场的简单地形图来预测它们的位置，以制定 N 损失缓解策略。
Urine of grazing livestock is the greatest contributor to leached nitrogen (N) in our environment. While many N cycling models have used average urine excretions as input data, concentration and volume of individual urination events can vary greatly. Stock camps receive large amounts of urine and pose a high risk of N leaching, especially when animals are set stocked over several days. A new urine sensor is described, along with the variation in urine characteristics of break-grazed cows. N leaching was modelled based on sensor data collection, and paddock-scale estimates were compared to those based on average urine data. There was a 10% difference in estimated N leached by two pumice soils, but both leached 10% less N when varying urine values were used compared to average urine values. The new data showed a frequency distribution pattern of urinary N concentration in urination events that differed to that estimated using earlier data. Thus, frequency distribution patterns have a large effect on modelled N leaching loss and need to be based on extensive data collection to increase the confidence in improving estimates of N leaching. Campsites, which occupy 5–15% of a hill country paddock, account for about half of all excreted urine; their locations can be predicted for the targeting of N-loss mitigation strategies using a simple topographic map of the farm.