Anti-infectious immune effectors in marine invertebrates:: potential tools for disease control in larviculture
Anti-infectious immune effectors in marine invertebrates:: potential tools for disease control in larviculture
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DOI：
10.1016/s0044-8486(03)00521-0
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发表时间：
2003-11-10
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Bachère, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bachère, E
软体动物和甲壳类水产养殖是一项经济活动，受到影响养殖物种的非传染性和传染性新疾病反复出现的威胁。海水养殖中控制疾病的困难主要来自于动物根据其发育阶段（从幼体到成体）的易感性差异以及影响它们的病原体的多样性。在海水养殖遇到的病原体中，病毒和细菌问题以及真菌疾病在幼体生产中占主导地位。人们提出了控制水产养殖疾病的方法，例如使用益生菌、免疫刺激剂或通过营养改善幼体质量，并且动物技术也取得了进展。迄今为止，抗生素已被广泛用作预防和治疗措施，但这种做法现在受到质疑，因为经常使用这些化学产品会导致耐药细菌的出现，还会对环境产生有害影响。在这种情况下，必须制定替代疗法和动物健康监测作为预防措施。从长远来看，可持续水产养殖生产的最有效方法肯定依赖于选择具有增强抗病能力的动物的生产，但到目前为止，关于海洋无脊椎动物这一主题的论文很少。如今，正在考虑增强非特异性防御反应的免疫标准。对软体动物和甲壳类动物先天免疫系统的研究可能为水产养殖疾病的管理和控制提供新的见解。特别地，抗菌肽通过用作治疗剂、作为监测培养动物健康状况的工具以及通过使用编码基因作为选择标记来提高对感染的抵抗力而呈现出各种应用可能性。 (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
The aquaculture of molluscs and crustaceans is an economical activity that is threatened by the repeated appearance of new diseases, non-infectious and infectious, which affect cultured species. Difficulties in controlling diseases in marine aquaculture come mainly from the differences in susceptibility of the animals according to their developmental stage (from larvae to adults) and from the diversity of pathogens that affect them. Among the causative agents encountered in marine aquaculture, viral and bacterial problems as well as fungal diseases dominate the larval production. Methods have been proposed for the control of disease in aquaculture, such as the use of probiotic bacteria, immunostimulants or the improvement of the larval quality via the nutrition, and zootechnical progress has been made. So far, antibiotics have been intensively used as preventive and curative measures, but such practices are now questioned because regular use of these chemical products has led to the appearance of drug-resistant bacteria and can also have harmful effects on the environment. In this context, alternative treatments as well as animal health monitoring have to be established as preventive measures. In the long term, the most effective way for sustainable aquaculture production will certainly rely upon the production of animals selected for increased resistance to disease, but until now, few papers can be found on this topic for marine invertebrates. Today, immune criteria as enhancement of non-specific defence responses are being considered.Investigation of the innate immune systems of molluscs and crustaceans may give new insights into the management and control of diseases in aquaculture. In particular, antimicrobial peptides present various application possibilities by their use as therapeutic agents, as tools for monitoring the health status of cultured animals, and by the use of encoding genes as selection markers for improving resistance to infections. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.