Oil Content and Saturated Fatty Acids in Sunflower as a Function of Planting Date, Nitrogen Rate, and Hybrid
Oil Content and Saturated Fatty Acids in Sunflower as a Function of Planting Date, Nitrogen Rate, and Hybrid
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DOI：
10.2134/agronj2009.0011
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发表时间：
2009-07
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
V. Zheljazkov;B. Vick;B. Baldwin;N. Buehring;T. Astatkie;B. Johnson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Zheljazkov;B. Vick;B. Baldwin;N. Buehring;T. Astatkie;B. Johnson
向日葵（Helianthus annuus L.）石油含量决定了石油的用途和对人类健康的影响，而石油含量决定了支付给生产者的价格。本研究假设农艺因素（基因型、播种期和施氮量）影响向日葵总饱和脂肪酸（TSFA）含量和油分含量。此外，密西西比州种植的向日葵将具有与北方纬度地区种植的原始种子不同的FA成分。在密西西比的四个地点进行了现场试验（牛顿、斯塔克维尔和维罗纳的两个地点），以评估种植日期的影响（4月20日、5月20日和6月20日），施氮量（0、67、134和202 kg N ha-1）和基因型（杂种、DKF 3875、DKF 2990、DKF 3510和DKF 3901）对向日葵种子油含量和组成的影响。播期、杂交种和施氮量对总脂肪酸和脂肪含量有显著影响。总体而言，较晚的种植日期增加TSFA相对于第一次种植，在大多数情况下，从第三次种植的向日葵中的TSFA浓度高于种子从第二。一般来说，四个杂交种中第一个播种期的含油量最高，第二个播种期的含油量降低，而第三个播种期与第二个播种期的含油量没有差异。我们的研究结果表明，在密西西比，较早的种植日期可能会降低向日葵的TSFA和增加油含量。关于单个FA，总体而言，从第一次种植开始，在密西西比种植的向日葵种子中棕榈酸（16：0）和硬脂酸（18：0）浓度相对于原始种子中的相应浓度降低。相对于第一次种植和相对于原始种子，后期种植倾向于增加这两种酸。花生酸（20：0）、二十二烷酸（22：0）和二十四烷酸（24：0）这三种次要饱和脂肪酸（SFA）的含量变化规律相似。本研究表明，种植期、杂交种和施氮量等农业因素可以显著改变密西西比向日葵的脂肪酸组成和油分含量，这表明这些因素可以作为降低总脂肪酸和提高油分含量的管理工具。
ABSTRACT Th e fatty acids (FA) composition of sunfl ower ( Helianthus annuus L.) determines its uses and health eff ects on humans, while oil content determines the price paid to producers. Th e hypothesis of this study was that agronomic factors (genotype, planting date, and N rate) will aff ect total saturated fatty acid (TSFA) concentration and oil content of sunfl ower. Additionally, Mississippi-grown sunfl ower will have a diff erent FA composition than the original seeds produced in more northern latitudes and used for planting. A fi eld experiment was performed in four locations in Mississippi (Newton, Starkville, and two locations in Verona) to assess the eff ect of planting date (20 April, 20 May, and 20 June), N application rate (0, 67, 134, and 202 kg N ha –1 ) and genotype (hybrid, DKF3875, DKF2990, DKF3510, and DKF3901) on sunfl ower seed oil content and composition. Th e TSFA and oil content were signifi cantly aff ected by planting date, hybrid, and N rate. Overall, later planting dates increased TSFA relative to the fi rst planting, and in most instances TSFA concentrations in sunfl ower from the third planting was higher than in seeds from the second. Generally, the fi rst planting date provided the highest oil content of the four hybrids, the second planting reduced oil content, while the third was not diff erent from the second. Our results suggest that an earlier planting date may reduce the TSFA and increase oil content of sunfl ower in Mississippi. Regarding individual FA, overall, palmitic (16:0) and stearic acid (18:0) con-centrations in sunfl ower seed grown in Mississippi from the fi rst planting were reduced relative to the respective concentrations in the original seed. Later planting tended to increase these two acids relative to the fi rst planting and relative to the original seed. Th e three minor saturated fatty acids (SFA), arachidic (20:0), behenic (22:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0) followed a similar pattern. Th is study demonstrated that agricultural factors such as planting date, hybrid, and N rate may signifi cantly modify FA composition and oil content of sunfl ower grown in Mississippi, suggesting that these could be used as management tools for decreased TSFA and increased oil content.