GOSSIP AND SCANDAL
GOSSIP AND SCANDAL
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DOI：
10.1086/200378
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发表时间：
1963-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
GLUCKMAN, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GLUCKMAN, M
人类学对小群体的成长和分裂产生了兴趣，才能把流言蜚语和丑闻作为我们需要分析的最重要的社会和文化现象之一，纳入正确的视角。有洞察力的人类学家从早期的实地观察就开始研究这些现象。保罗·雷丁在《作为哲学家的原始人》（1927：177- 178）一书中描述了原始人确实是最顽固、最根深蒂固的长舌妇。同样荣誉的竞争者，部落神圣仪式的拥有者，传说的授权叙述者，都让你毫不怀疑他们同事的性格和熟练程度。“无知者"、”吹牛者”以及经常出现的”说谎者”等词被随意地传播开来，雷丁评论说，因此”一些观察家得出结论，原始社会的主导气氛不是爱、善良和宽容，而是嫉妒、诽谤和仇恨。他认为这是不正确的，因为“经常流传的不友好和诽谤的言论并不会引起仇恨，而且通常有关的校长关系很好。”雷丁驳斥了这种矛盾可以用”压制或升华”来解释的观点，但他又回到了一个微不足道的心理学命题上，即部落社会有一种表达自由的理论，它赋予”每一个
IT HAS TAKEN the development of anthropological interest in the growth and break-up of small groups to put gossip and scandal into their proper perspective, as among the most important societal and cultural phenomena we are called upon to analyse. Perceptive anthropologists dealt with these phenomena from the early days of field observation. Paul Radin, in his Primitive Man as a Philosopher(1927: 177-8), described the way in which primitive people are indeed among the most persistent and inveterate of gossips. Contestants for the same honours, possessors of the sacred rites of the tribe, the authorized narrators of legends, all leave you in little doubt as to the character and proficiency of their colleagues." Ignoramus,"" braggart," and not infrequently" liar" are liberally bandied about.Radin commented that therefore" some observers have drawn the conclusion that not love, kindness, and forbearance, but envy, slander and hate are the dominant atmosphere of a primitive community." He argued that this was incorrect, because the" unkind and slanderous remarks o frequently bandied about do not engender feuds and that often the principals concerned are on very good terms." Radin dismissed the idea that this contradiction was to be explained by" suppression or sublimation"; but he fell back on a meagre psychological thesis, that tribal society has a theory of freedom of expression which gives" every