Monomeric and gemini surfactants as antimicrobial agents - influence on environmental and reference strains
Monomeric and gemini surfactants as antimicrobial agents - influence on environmental and reference strains
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DOI：
10.18388/abp.2015_1150
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Brycki, Bogumil
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kozirog, Anna;Brycki, Bogumil
季铵盐（QAS）是一种常用的表面活性剂，在家庭和不同工业部门中都有使用，主要用于清洁和消毒过程。它们有几个积极的特点，除其他外，有效地限制了许多表面上微生物的发展。本研究使用了两种化合物作为杀菌剂：gemini表面活性剂（GS）中的六亚甲基- 1,6-二-（N， N-二甲基-N-十二烷基溴化铵）及其单一类似物十二烷基（三甲基）溴化铵（DTAB）。采用二倍稀释法测定抑制金黄色葡萄球菌（ATCC 6538及环境菌株）、铜绿假单胞菌（ATCC 85327及环境菌株）和白色念珠菌（ATCC 11509及环境菌株）生长的最小化合物浓度（MIC）。在1/4 MIC、1/2 MIC和MIC浓度下，测定了这些物质在液体培养中的细胞活力。结果表明，DTAB在0.126 ~ 1.010 μ M/ml浓度下对细菌生长有抑制作用，gemini表面活性剂在0.036 ~ 0.029 μ M/ml浓度下对细菌生长有抑制作用。因此，GS在比其单体类似物低17-70倍的浓度下具有活性。从自然环境中分离的菌株对杀菌剂的敏感性低于参考菌株。两种化合物在MIC值时均能减少所有菌株的细胞数量。使用浓度过低的杀菌剂可以限制微生物的生长，但在特殊环境菌株的情况下，往往只能限制很短的时间。后来，它们能够适应不利的环境条件，并开始进化出防御机制。
Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) belong to surfactant commonly used both, in the household and in different branches of industry, primarily in the process of cleaning and disinfection. They have several positive features inter alia effectively limiting the development of microorganisms on many surfaces. In the present work, two compounds were used as biocides: hexamethylene- 1,6-bis-(N, N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide) that belongs to the gemini surfactant (GS), and its single analogue - dodecyl(trimethyl) ammonium bromide (DTAB). Two fold dilution method was used to determine the minimum concentration of compounds (MIC) which inhibit the growth of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538 and an environmental strain), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 85327 and an environmental strain), and yeast Candida albicans (ATCC 11509 and an environmental strain). The viability of cells in liquid cultures with addition of these substances at 1/4 MIC, 1/2 MIC and MIC concentrations were also determined. The obtained results show that DTAB inhibits the growth of bacteria at the concentration of 0.126-1.010 mu M/ml, and gemini surfactant is active at 0.036-0.029 mu M/ml. Therefore, GS is active at more than 17-70-fold lower concentrations than its monomeric analogue. Strains isolated from natural environment are less sensitive upon testing biocides than the references strains. Both compounds at the MIC value reduced the number of cells of all strains. The use of too low concentration of biocides can limit the growth of microorganisms, but often only for a short period of time in case of special environmental strains. Later on, they can adapt to adverse environmental conditions and begin to evolve defence mechanisms.