Mapping and monitoring peatland conditions from global to field scale
Mapping and monitoring peatland conditions from global to field scale
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DOI：
10.1007/s10533-023-01084-1
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发表时间：
2023-10
期刊：
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
B. Minasny;Diana Vigah Adetsu;Matt Aitkenhead;Rebekka R. E. Artz;N. Baggaley;Alexandra Barthelmes;
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Minasny;Diana Vigah Adetsu;Matt Aitkenhead;Rebekka R. E. Artz;N. Baggaley;Alexandra Barthelmes;
泥炭地仅占地球表面的3-4%，但它们储存了全球土壤碳储量的近30%。随着全球泥炭地继续以惊人的速度退化，这一重要的碳储存正受到威胁。它促使世界各国制定法规，以保护和减少这一富含碳的生态系统的排放。例如，欧盟已经实施了新的规则，要求对泥炭地进行可持续管理，这对到2050年实现碳中和目标至关重要。然而，由于缺乏有关泥炭地范围和状况的信息，国家政策的制定和恢复工作受到了阻碍。本文回顾了从野外到地球仪的泥炭地制图和监测的知识现状，并确定了需要进一步研究的领域。它概述了9个国家用于绘制泥炭地地图的不同方法，这些方法在泥炭土和泥炭地的定义、绘图覆盖范围和绘图细节方面各不相同。虽然仅用一种方法绘制世界各地的泥炭地几乎是不可能的，但该论文强调，在具有可比泥炭地类型和气候的地区，需要采用更一致的方法来保护和紧急恢复泥炭地。审查进一步总结了用于监测泥炭地的条件和功能的各种方法。这些措施包括监测在地块规模腐殖化程度和化学计量比，以及近端传感，如伽马辐射测量和电磁感应在现场景观规模映射泥炭厚度和确定温室气体（GHG）排放热点。在区域和国家范围内使用被动和主动传感器的遥感技术有助于监测沉降率、地下水位、泥炭湿度、滑坡和温室气体排放。虽然使用地下水位深度作为泥炭地温室气体年际排放量的替代指标已经得到了很好的确立，但还没有一种遥感方法或数据产品得到了超出地方或区域尺度的验证。在全球范围内进行更广泛的土地使用变化和火灾监测可进一步协助国家温室气体清单报告。监测泥炭地的条件，以评估个别恢复计划的成功仍然需要实地工作，以评估当地的代理人结合遥感和建模。需要进行长期监测，以便就重新湿润泥炭地的植被恢复结果和相关的温室气体排放得出有效的结论，因为在现场一级还不完全了解其动态。需要监测恢复泥炭地的植被发展和水文情况，以此作为评估水的回流以及养分循环和生物多样性变化的替代指标。
Peatlands cover only 3–4% of the Earth’s surface, but they store nearly 30% of global soil carbon stock. This significant carbon store is under threat as peatlands continue to be degraded at alarming rates around the world. It has prompted countries worldwide to establish regulations to conserve and reduce emissions from this carbon rich ecosystem. For example, the EU has implemented new rules that mandate sustainable management of peatlands, critical to reaching the goal of carbon neutrality by 2050. However, a lack of information on the extent and condition of peatlands has hindered the development of national policies and restoration efforts. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on mapping and monitoring peatlands from field sites to the globe and identifies areas where further research is needed. It presents an overview of the different methodologies used to map peatlands in nine countries, which vary in definition of peat soil and peatland, mapping coverage, and mapping detail. Whereas mapping peatlands across the world with only one approach is hardly possible, the paper highlights the need for more consistent approaches within regions having comparable peatland types and climates to inform their protection and urgent restoration. The review further summarises various approaches used for monitoring peatland conditions and functions. These include monitoring at the plot scale for degree of humification and stoichiometric ratio, and proximal sensing such as gamma radiometrics and electromagnetic induction at the field to landscape scale for mapping peat thickness and identifying hotspots for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Remote sensing techniques with passive and active sensors at regional to national scale can help in monitoring subsidence rate, water table, peat moisture, landslides, and GHG emissions. Although the use of water table depth as a proxy for interannual GHG emissions from peatlands has been well established, there is no single remote sensing method or data product yet that has been verified beyond local or regional scales. Broader land-use change and fire monitoring at a global scale may further assist national GHG inventory reporting. Monitoring of peatland conditions to evaluate the success of individual restoration schemes still requires field work to assess local proxies combined with remote sensing and modeling. Long-term monitoring is necessary to draw valid conclusions on revegetation outcomes and associated GHG emissions in rewetted peatlands, as their dynamics are not fully understood at the site level. Monitoring vegetation development and hydrology of restored peatlands is needed as a proxy to assess the return of water and changes in nutrient cycling and biodiversity.