A comparison of 'pruning' during multi-step planning in depressed and healthy individuals.
A comparison of 'pruning' during multi-step planning in depressed and healthy individuals.
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抑郁症和健康个体多步规划过程中“修剪”的比较。
DOI：
10.1017/s0033291721000799
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发表时间：
2021-03-12
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Roiser, Jonathan P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Faulkner, Paul;Huys, Quentin J. M.;Renz, Daniel;Eshel, Neir;Pilling, Stephen;Dayan, Peter;Roiser, Jonathan P.
现实生活中的决策往往是复杂的，因为它们涉及到限制未来选择的顺序选择。我们之前已经证明，为了使这种多步骤决策易于管理，人们“修剪”（即选择性地忽略）包含负面结果的决策树分支。我们已经从理论上证明，次优修剪通过促进导致不愉快结果的分支的过度采样而导致抑郁，这导致对世界的负面偏见估值。然而，还没有研究在抑郁症患者身上验证过这一理论。30名未经药物治疗的抑郁症患者和31名健康参与者接受了一项基于顺序验证的决策任务，以确定修剪行为，并完成了抑郁和焦虑的测量。计算，贝叶斯和频率分析研究组的差异，任务的表现和修剪和抑郁症状之间的关系。与之前的研究结果一致，参与者强烈修剪决策树的分支，这些分支以巨大的损失开始，无论这些分支的潜在效用如何。然而，修剪行为没有组间差异。此外，修剪和抑郁/焦虑水平之间没有关系。我们没有发现证据表明次优修剪在抑郁症中是明显的。未来的研究可以确定是否在抑郁症患者的特定亚组中（例如在治疗抵抗个体中）观察到适应不良的修剪行为，或者是否滥用其他药物可能导致抑郁症。
Real-life decisions are often complex because they involve making sequential choices that constrain future options. We have previously shown that to render such multi-step decisions manageable, people ‘prune’ (i.e. selectively disregard) branches of decision trees that contain negative outcomes. We have theorized that sub-optimal pruning contributes to depression by promoting an oversampling of branches that result in unsavoury outcomes, which results in a negatively-biased valuation of the world. However, no study has tested this theory in depressed individuals. Thirty unmedicated depressed and 31 healthy participants were administered a sequential reinforcement-based decision-making task to determine pruning behaviours, and completed measures of depression and anxiety. Computational, Bayesian and frequentist analyses examined group differences in task performance and relationships between pruning and depressive symptoms. Consistent with prior findings, participants robustly pruned branches of decision trees that began with large losses, regardless of the potential utility of those branches. However, there was no group difference in pruning behaviours. Further, there was no relationship between pruning and levels of depression/anxiety. We found no evidence that sub-optimal pruning is evident in depression. Future research could determine whether maladaptive pruning behaviours are observable in specific sub-groups of depressed patients (e.g. in treatment-resistant individuals), or whether misuse of other heuristics may contribute to depression.