Exhumation Settings, Part I: Relatively Simple Cases
Exhumation Settings, Part I: Relatively Simple Cases
复制标题
挖掘设置，第一部分：相对简单的案例
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Brandon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
U. Ring;M. Brandon
挖掘被认为是构造学中的一个重要问题，可以通过正断层、韧性变薄和侵蚀来实现。超高压（UHP）岩石的挖掘是挖掘问题中最具挑战性和最不为人所知的方面。在这篇综述中，我们重点讨论了不同的地质环境，目的是描述不同环境下的挖掘率和最大挖掘深度。在本系列文章的第一部分中，我们总结了一些相对简单的辐散区（裂谷和洋中脊）和辐合区（俯冲带和碰撞带）的发掘情况。裂谷的例子有东非裂谷、加利西亚边缘和爱琴海的基克拉迪群岛。中大西洋海岭是在缓慢扩张的海岭上进行挖掘的一个例子。俯冲背景的例子是马里亚纳洋-洋俯冲带，以及奥林匹克、方济各和Hikurangi复合体的洋-陆俯冲带。对于相对简单的碰撞带，我们描述了台湾的弧-大陆碰撞和新西兰南阿尔卑斯山的大陆-大陆碰撞。对于这些相对简单的案例，我们讨论了挖掘设置的近端成员场景。这些例子可分为四类：(1)裂谷；(2)浮力驱动底辟作用；(3)与造山带地貌发育和维持有关的侵蚀发掘；(4)底板会聚楔形。一般来说，多重过程导致挖掘似乎很重要。与裂谷作用相关的软流圈上升流对超高压橄榄岩发掘的最初~100公里具有重要意义。
Exhumation has been recognized as an important problem in tectonics and can be achieved by normal faulting, ductile thinning, and erosion. The exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) rocks is the most challenging and least understood aspect of the exhumation problem. In this review, we focus on a variety of geologic settings with the goal of characterizing exhumation rates and maximum depths of exhumation in different settings. In Part I of this series of articles, we summarize exhumation in some relatively simple divergent (rifts and mid-ocean ridges) and convergent regions (subduction and collision zones). Our examples from rifts are from the East African rift, the Galicia margin, and the Cyclades in the Aegean. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge serves as an example of exhumation at a slow-spreading ridge. The examples from subduction settings are the Mariana ocean-ocean subduction zone, and the ocean-continent subduction zones of the Olympic, Franciscan, and Hikurangi complexes. For relatively simple collision belts, we describe the arc-continent collision of Taiwan and the continent-continent collision of the Southern Alps of New Zealand. For these relatively simple cases, we discuss near-end-member scenarios of exhumation settings. These examples may be divided into four classes: (1) rifting; (2) buoyancy-driven diapirism; (3) erosional exhumation associated with the development and maintenance of orogenic topography; and (4) underplating in convergent wedges. In general, it seems to be important that multiple processes cause exhumation. Asthenospheric upwelling associated with rifting appears to be significant for the initial ~100 km of exhumation of UHP peridotite.