The microbiome and its potential as a cancer preventive intervention.
The microbiome and its potential as a cancer preventive intervention.
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DOI：
10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.09.001
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发表时间：
2016-02
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Bultman SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bultman SJ
越来越清楚的是，生活在我们体内的微生物群会影响癌症的易感性和病因学。除了具有致癌特性的病原体外，我们的共生和共生微生物群还具有肿瘤抑制特性。我们的饮食和其他环境因素可以调节我们胃肠道和其他解剖部位某些微生物群落成员的丰度。此外，一些饮食因素通过共生/共生肠道微生物区系代谢成被认为可以预防癌症的生物活性食品成分。例如，膳食纤维在结肠中经过细菌发酵产生丁酸盐，丁酸盐是一种短链脂肪酸和组蛋白脱乙酰酶(HDAC)抑制剂，可以抑制结直肠癌细胞系的生存和生长。最近一项利用灵知生菌小鼠模型的研究表明，纤维可以通过一种涉及Warburg效应的微生物区系和丁酸依赖的方式防止结直肠肿瘤的发生。这个例子和其他例子表明，在流行病学和干预研究中观察到的一些个体间差异，调查了饮食和癌症风险之间的联系，可能是因为参与者之间的微生物区系差异。基础研究的数据也支持这样一种观点，即益生菌和益生菌可能是看似合理的化学预防策略，未来可能会得到更大程度的利用。
It is becoming increasingly clear that microbiota which inhabit our body influence cancer predisposition and etiology. In addition to pathogens with oncogenic properties, our commensal and symbiotic microbiota have tumor-suppressive properties. Our diet and other environmental factors can modulate the abundance of certain members of microbial communities within our gastrointestinal tract and at other anatomical sites. Furthermore, some dietary factors are metabolized by commensal/symbiotic gut microbiota into bioactive food components believed to prevent cancer. For example, dietary fiber undergoes bacterial fermentation in the colon to yield butyrate, which is a short-chain fatty acid and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor that suppresses the viability and growth of colorectal cancer cell lines. A recent study utilizing gnotobiotic mouse models demonstrates that fiber can protect against colorectal tumorigenesis in a microbiota- and butyrate-dependent manner that involves the Warburg effect. This and other examples suggest that some of the inter-individual variation observed in epidemiology and intervention studies that have investigated associations between diet and cancer risk might be explained by differences in microbiota among the participants. Data from basic research studies also support the idea that probiotics and prebiotics could be plausible chemoprevention strategies that may be utilized to a greater extent in the future.