Respirator Performance against Nanoparticles under Simulated Workplace Activities
Respirator Performance against Nanoparticles under Simulated Workplace Activities
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模拟工作场所活动中呼吸器对纳米粒子的防护性能
DOI：
10.1093/annhyg/mev042
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发表时间：
2015-10-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Rengasamy, Samy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Vo, Evanly;Zhuang, Ziqing;Rengasamy, Samy
过滤面罩呼吸器（FFR）和弹性半面罩呼吸器（EHR）通常由工人用于保护免受潜在危险颗粒（包括工程纳米颗粒）的影响。本研究的目的是使用在模拟工作场所活动下暴露于NaCl气溶胶的人类受试者来评估这些类型的净化器对10- 400 nm颗粒的性能。测量了25名不同面部尺寸的健康受试者（13名女性和12名男性）佩戴的8种呼吸器模型组合（2个N95 FFR、2个P100 FFR、2个N95 EHR和2个P100 EHR）的模拟工作场所防护因子（SWPF）。在开始针对给定呼吸器模型的SWPF测试之前，每个受试者必须通过定量拟合测试。每个SWPF测试使用六个练习的方案进行，每个练习3分钟：（i）正常呼吸，（ii）深呼吸，（iii）左右移动头部，（iv）上下移动头部，（v）腰部弯曲，和（vi）模拟实验室容器清洁运动。同时使用两台扫描迁移率粒度仪测量上游（呼吸器外部）和下游（呼吸器内部）测试气溶胶;然后计算SWPF，作为上游和下游颗粒浓度的比值。一般而言，P100 EHR的几何平均SWPF（GM-SWPF）最高，其次是P100 FFR、N95 EHR和N95 FFR。这种趋势适用于纳米颗粒（10- 100 nm）、较大尺寸颗粒（100- 400 nm）和“所有尺寸”范围（10- 400 nm）。与更大的100- 400 nm颗粒相比，所有粉碎机都为10- 100 nm颗粒提供了更好或相似的性能水平。本研究发现，对于FFR和EHR类型，P100级除颤器的SWPF均高于N95级除颤器（P < 0.05）。所有粉碎机均提供了针对所有测试粒度范围的预期性能（即第五百分位数SWPF > 10）。
Filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) and elastomeric half-mask respirators (EHRs) are commonly used by workers for protection against potentially hazardous particles, including engineered nanoparticles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of these types of respirators against 10-400nm particles using human subjects exposed to NaCl aerosols under simulated workplace activities. Simulated workplace protection factors (SWPFs) were measured for eight combinations of respirator models (2 N95 FFRs, 2 P100 FFRs, 2 N95 EHRs, and 2 P100 EHRs) worn by 25 healthy test subjects (13 females and 12 males) with varying face sizes. Before beginning a SWPF test for a given respirator model, each subject had to pass a quantitative fit test. Each SWPF test was performed using a protocol of six exercises for 3min each: (i) normal breathing, (ii) deep breathing, (iii) moving head side to side, (iv) moving head up and down, (v) bending at the waist, and (vi) a simulated laboratory-vessel cleaning motion. Two scanning mobility particle sizers were used simultaneously to measure the upstream (outside the respirator) and downstream (inside the respirator) test aerosol; SWPF was then calculated as a ratio of the upstream and downstream particle concentrations. In general, geometric mean SWPF (GM-SWPF) was highest for the P100 EHRs, followed by P100 FFRs, N95 EHRs, and N95 FFRs. This trend holds true for nanoparticles (10-100nm), larger size particles (100-400nm), and the 'all size' range (10-400nm). All respirators provided better or similar performance levels for 10-100nm particles as compared to larger 100-400nm particles. This study found that class P100 respirators provided higher SWPFs compared to class N95 respirators (P < 0.05) for both FFR and EHR types. All respirators provided expected performance (i.e. fifth percentile SWPF > 10) against all particle size ranges tested.