Inferring ventilation rates with quantified uncertainty in operational rooms using point measurements of carbon dioxide: Classrooms as a case study
Inferring ventilation rates with quantified uncertainty in operational rooms using point measurements of carbon dioxide: Classrooms as a case study
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DOI：
10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111309
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发表时间：
2024-03-16
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Burridge，Henry C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Finneran，Joshua;Burridge，Henry C.
我们提出了一种稳健的积分方法，根据作业空间中二氧化碳(CO2)浓度的测量，并限制其他数据，来估计日平均人均通风率Q‘pp。该方法不对全天的通风设施做出任何假设，也不要求房间处于稳定状态，也不要求室内空气充分混合。我们证明，尽管房间条件有很大的变化，几个积分参数仍然可靠地接近于单位值。评估积分参数的可能分布提供了一种量化不确定性界限的方法，从而评估这些通气量估计的可靠性。以学校教室为例，基于测量的二氧化碳的Qpp的估计显示，如果除了教室时间表之外没有其他数据，则Qp的不确定范围(95%可信区间)约为±24%。在一个教室里部署四个二氧化碳传感器，预计将把不确定度范围减半，约为±12%。此外，本文提出的框架证明，当同一教室在不同的两天经历类似的使用情况时，这两天实现的相对人均通风量可以简单地由其积分过剩CO2浓度的比率来确定。这些重要的发现为促进更可靠的通风估计提供了很大的空间，特别是从在操作空间测量的二氧化碳的大规模数据集，以更好地为室内空气质量评估提供信息。
We present a robust integral method to estimate the daily mean per-person ventilation rate Q¯ p p based on carbon dioxide (CO 2) concentration measurements in operational spaces, and limited other data. The method makes no assumptions regarding the ventilation provision throughout the day, nor requires the room to be in a steady state, nor the air within to be well-mixed. We demonstrate that several integral parameters remain reliably close to a value of unity, despite large variations in room conditions. Evaluating the likely distributions of integral parameters provides a method to quantify the uncertainty bounds and therefore assess the reliability of these ventilation estimates. Taking school classrooms as a case study, estimates of Q¯ p p based on measured CO 2 are shown to exhibit uncertainty bounds (of 95% confidence intervals) of approximately±24% if no other data than the classroom timetable is available. Deploying four CO 2 sensors within a classroom is expected to halve the uncertainty bounds to around±12%. Moreover, the framework presented herein evidences that when the same classroom experiences similar usage on two different days, the relative per-person ventilation rate achieved during these two days can be simply determined by the ratio of their integral excess CO 2 concentrations. These significant findings offer great scope to facilitate more reliable ventilation estimates, particularly from large-scale data sets of CO 2 measured in operational spaces, to better inform assessments of indoor air quality.