The composition of the stone meteorites and the origin of the meteorites
The composition of the stone meteorites and the origin of the meteorites
复制标题
石陨石的成分及陨石的起源
DOI：
10.1016/0016-7037(53)90064-7
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发表时间：
1953
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
H. Craig
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Urey;H. Craig
对文献中提供的约 350 种石陨石的化学分析进行了研究，并应用标准试图选择更可靠的分析。研究发现，就总铁含量和铁的氧化态而言，球粒陨石分为两个不同的组。这些陨石群不能通过任何简单的混合过程联系起来，因此表明这些陨石是来自两个相当不同的母体，而不是来自一个物体。看来，在小行星演化的高温阶段，硅酸盐的优先挥发和镍铁的保留在不同程度上起作用，可以解释两组球粒陨石的不同组成。讨论了这些数据对元素的宇宙丰度的影响，并得出结论：戈德施密特的铁和镍丰度过高。据推测，母小行星经历了低温积累过程、部分熔化和蒸发的高温阶段、与较小天体碰撞产生角砾状和凝灰岩物质和球粒团聚的阶段；最后，两个这样的物体的碰撞将物质压实成陨石，但保留了两组之间成分的本质差异。
A study has been made of some 350 chemical analyses of stone meteorites available in the literature, and criteria have been applied in an attempt to select those which are more reliable. It is found that the chondrites fall into two distinct groups with regard to both the total iron content and the oxidation state of the iron. These groups cannot be related by any simple mixing process and thus indicate that the meteorites have been derived from two rather different parent objects rather than from a single body. It appears that preferential volatilization of silicates and retention of nickel-iron operating to a different extent during a high temperature stage in the evolution of the asteroids may explain the different compositions of the two groups of chondrites. The implications of these data with respect to the cosmic abundances of the elements are discussed, and it is concluded thatGoldschmidt's abundances for iron and nickel are too high. It is postulated that the parent asteroids went through a low temperature accumulation process, a high temperature stage of partial melting and evaporation, a stage of collisions with smaller objects which produced brecciated and tuffitic agglomerations of material and chondrules; and finally a collision of two such objects compacted the material into the meteorites, preserving however the essential differences in composition between the two groups.