Disparities in Coronavirus 2019 Reported Incidence, Knowledge, and Behavior Among US Adults
Disparities in Coronavirus 2019 Reported Incidence, Knowledge, and Behavior Among US Adults
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DOI：
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12403
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发表时间：
2020-06-18
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
Cutler, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alsan, Marcella;Stantcheva, Stefanie;Cutler, David
关于2019年冠状病毒病的报告发病率，知识和行为在美国的社会人口特征中有何不同？在这项调查研究中，2019年冠状病毒病相关知识和行为的最大差异与种族/民族，性别和年龄有关。非裔美国人参与者、男性和55岁以下的人不太可能知道这种疾病是如何传播的，不太可能知道2019年冠状病毒病的症状，不太经常洗手，更经常离开家。这些发现表明，需要更多的努力来增加准确的信息，并鼓励少数民族社区，男性和年轻人的适当行为。这项调查研究探讨了社会人口特征与报告的发病率，知识，2019年美国成年人对冠状病毒病的态度和行为。2019年冠状病毒病的重要性数据2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫情在美国爆发后，不同种族和地区的住院率和死亡率存在很大差异。然而，关于健康信息、信念和行为的数据有限，可能表明不同的风险暴露。目的确定社会人口学特征与美国成年人报告的COVID-19发病率、知识和行为的相关性。设计、设置和参与者于2020年3月29日至4月13日进行了一项美国全国调查研究，以衡量有关COVID-19的知识、信念和行为的差异。该调查对COVID-19热点地区进行了过度抽样。调查以电子方式进行。入选标准为年龄≥ 18岁且居住在美国。数据分析于二零二零年四月进行。主要结果和测量主要结果是通过调查回应测量的与COVID-19相关的发病率、知识和行为。结果调查包括5198人（平均[SD]年龄，48 [18]岁; 2336名男性[45%]; 3759名白色[72%]，830名[16%]非洲裔美国人和609名[12%]西班牙裔）。COVID-19相关知识和行为的最大差异与种族/民族、性别和年龄有关，非裔美国参与者、男性和55岁以下的人的知识比其他群体少。非洲裔美国人受访者报告感染COVID-19的可能性比白色受访者高3.5个百分点（95%CI，1.5至5.5个百分点; P = 0.001），男性比女性高3.2个百分点（95%CI，2.0至4.4个百分点; P <0.001）。在非洲裔美国人受访者中，知道有人对COVID-19检测呈阳性的情况更为普遍（7.2个百分点; 95% CI，3.4至10.9个百分点; P < .001），30岁以下的人（11.6个百分点; 95% CI，7.5至15.7个百分点; P < .001），（收入>= 10万美元的系数，12.3个百分点; 95%CI，8.7至15.8个百分点; P <0.001）。非裔美国人受访者对潜在污染物传播的了解较低（-9.4个百分点; 95% CI，-13.1至-5.7个百分点; P < .001），西班牙裔受访者（-4.8个百分点; 95% CI，-8.9至-0.77个百分点; P = 0.02），30岁以下人群（-10.3个百分点; 95% CI，-14.1至-6.5个百分点; P < .001）。在COVID-19症状和预防行为的知识方面也发现了类似的差距。结论和相关性在这项针对美国成年人的调查研究中，COVID-19的报告发病率以及有关其传播和症状以及社交距离行为的知识存在差距。需要更多的努力来增加准确的信息，并鼓励少数民族社区，男性和年轻人的适当行为。
Question How do reported incidence, knowledge, and behaviors regarding coronavirus disease 2019 vary across sociodemographic characteristics in the US? Findings In this survey study, the largest differences in coronavirus disease 2019-related knowledge and behaviors were associated with race/ethnicity, sex, and age. African American participants, men, and people younger than 55 years were less likely to know how the disease is spread, were less likely to know the symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019, washed their hands less frequently, and left the home more often. Meaning These findings suggest that more effort is needed to increase accurate information and encourage appropriate behaviors among minority communities, men, and younger people.This survey study examines the association of sociodemographic characteristics with reported incidence, knowledge, and behavior regarding coronavirus disease 2019 among US adults.Importance Data from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the US show large differences in hospitalizations and mortality across race and geography. However, there are limited data on health information, beliefs, and behaviors that might indicate different exposure to risk. Objective To determine the association of sociodemographic characteristics with reported incidence, knowledge, and behavior regarding COVID-19 among US adults. Design, Setting, and Participants A US national survey study was conducted from March 29 to April 13, 2020, to measure differences in knowledge, beliefs, and behavior about COVID-19. The survey oversampled COVID-19 hotspot areas. The survey was conducted electronically. The criteria for inclusion were age 18 years or older and residence in the US. Data analysis was performed in April 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were incidence, knowledge, and behaviors related to COVID-19 as measured by survey response. Results The survey included 5198 individuals (mean [SD] age, 48 [18] years; 2336 men [45%]; 3759 white [72%], 830 [16%] African American, and 609 [12%] Hispanic). The largest differences in COVID-19-related knowledge and behaviors were associated with race/ethnicity, sex, and age, with African American participants, men, and people younger than 55 years showing less knowledge than other groups. African American respondents were 3.5 percentage points (95% CI, 1.5 to 5.5 percentage points; P = .001) more likely than white respondents to report being infected with COVID-19, as were men compared with women (3.2 percentage points; 95% CI, 2.0 to 4.4 percentage points; P < .001). Knowing someone who tested positive for COVID-19 was more common among African American respondents (7.2 percentage points; 95% CI, 3.4 to 10.9 percentage points; P < .001), people younger than 30 years (11.6 percentage points; 95% CI, 7.5 to 15.7 percentage points; P < .001), and people with higher incomes (coefficient on earning >=$100 000, 12.3 percentage points; 95% CI, 8.7 to 15.8 percentage points; P < .001). Knowledge of potential fomite spread was lower among African American respondents (-9.4 percentage points; 95% CI, -13.1 to -5.7 percentage points; P < .001), Hispanic respondents (-4.8 percentage points; 95% CI, -8.9 to -0.77 percentage points; P = .02), and people younger than 30 years (-10.3 percentage points; 95% CI, -14.1 to -6.5 percentage points; P < .001). Similar gaps were found with respect to knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms and preventive behaviors. Conclusions and Relevance In this survey study of US adults, there were gaps in reported incidence of COVID-19 and knowledge regarding its spread and symptoms and social distancing behavior. More effort is needed to increase accurate information and encourage appropriate behaviors among minority communities, men, and younger people.