Combined micro and macro additive manufacturing of a swirling flow coaxial phacoemulsifier sleeve with internal micro-vanes
Combined micro and macro additive manufacturing of a swirling flow coaxial phacoemulsifier sleeve with internal micro-vanes
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DOI：
10.1007/s10544-010-9442-1
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发表时间：
2010-10-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Wicker, Ryan B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Choi, Jae-Won;Yamashita, Masaki;Wicker, Ryan B.
微立体光刻（A mu SL）技术可以制造复杂的三维（3D）微结构，尽管A mu SL难以产生具有微尺度特征的宏观结构。存在潜在的许多应用，其中3D微观特征可以有益于宏观结构的整体功能。一种这样的应用涉及称为同轴晶状体乳化器的医疗装置，其中晶状体乳化器的尖端通过相对小的切口插入眼睛中，并且用于在通过小管从眼睛中移除透镜件和相关流体的同时使透镜分开。为了保持眼睛处于恒定的压力，超声乳化器还包括在手术期间通过同轴套管注入眼睛的冲洗溶液。然而，据报道，来自冲洗溶液的冲击流在内眼中的角膜内皮细胞上可能在手术期间损伤这些细胞。因此，探索了一种用于在该过程中降低冲击流速和由此产生的内皮细胞上的剪切应力的方法，包括设计和开发套管内的复杂的3D微叶片。微型叶片将漩涡引入到冲洗溶液中，产生具有快速消散流速的流动。单独使用A mu SL无法完成套管和接头的制造，因此，完成了两部分设计，其中使用A mu SL制造带有微型叶片的套管，并使用Objet Eden 333快速成型机制造用于将套管连接到超声乳化器的螺纹接头。使用粒子图像测速仪在水容器内测试新的组合装置，并且结果显示成功的旋流，其中冲洗流体在对应于三个微叶片的三个不同径向方向上通过微叶片喷射。正如预期的那样，套筒产生了具有快速消散的流向流速的旋流，其中使用微型叶片的最大测量的流向流速比没有微型叶片的最大测量的流向流速低2mm，从尖端开始，随着流动继续发展，它们保持在与由常规套筒产生的那些的70%相似。据信，这种新设备将减少白内障手术期间对内皮细胞的损伤，并显着改善该手术的患者结局。这种独特的应用证明了将A mu SL与宏观快速原型技术相结合的实用性，用于制造具有功能性3D微观尺度特征的真实的宏观尺度器件，这些功能性3D微观尺度特征使用替代制造方法难以制造且成本高昂。
Microstereolithography (A mu SL) technology can fabricate complex, three-dimensional (3D) microstructures, although A mu SL has difficulty producing macrostructures with micro-scale features. There are potentially many applications where 3D micro-features can benefit the overall function of the macrostructure. One such application involves a medical device called a coaxial phacoemulsifier where the tip of the phacoemulsifier is inserted into the eye through a relatively small incision and used to break the lens apart while removing the lens pieces and associated fluid from the eye through a small tube. In order to maintain the eye at a constant pressure, the phacoemulsifier also includes an irrigation solution that is injected into the eye during the procedure through a coaxial sleeve. It has been reported, however, that the impinging flow from the irrigation solution on the corneal endothelial cells in the inner eye can damage these cells during the procedure. As a result, a method for reducing the impinging flow velocities and the resulting shear stresses on the endothelial cells during this procedure was explored, including the design and development of a complex, 3D micro-vane within the sleeve. The micro-vane introduces swirl into the irrigation solution, producing a flow with rapidly dissipating flow velocities. Fabrication of the sleeve and fitting could not be accomplished using A mu SL alone, and thus, a two-part design was accomplished where a sleeve with the micro-vane was fabricated with A mu SL and a threaded fitting used to attach the sleeve to the phacoemulsifier was fabricated using an Objet Eden 333 rapid prototyping machine. The new combined device was tested within a water container using particle image velocimetry, and the results showed successful swirling flow with an ejection of the irrigation fluid through the micro-vane in three different radial directions corresponding to the three micro-vanes. As expected, the sleeve produced a swirling flow with rapidly dissipating streamwise flow velocities where the maximum measured streamwise flow velocities using the micro-vane were lower than those without the micro-vane by 2 mm from the tip where they remained at similar to 70% of those produced by the conventional sleeve as the flow continued to develop. It is believed that this new device will reduce damage to endothelial cells during cataract surgery and significantly improve patient outcomes from this procedure. This unique application demonstrates the utility of combining A mu SL with a macro rapid prototyping technology for fabricating a real macro-scale device with functional, 3D micro-scale features that would be difficult and costly to fabricate using alternative manufacturing methods.