Enhancing the stress responses of probiotics for a lifestyle from gut to product and back again.
Enhancing the stress responses of probiotics for a lifestyle from gut to product and back again.
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DOI：
10.1186/1475-2859-10-s1-s19
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发表时间：
2011-08-30
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Ross RP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mills S;Stanton C;Fitzgerald GF;Ross RP
在益生菌甚至可以开始履行其生物学作用之前，它必须在食品加工和通过胃肠道（GIT）期间施加的一系列环境应力中存活。食品加工应力包括极端温度、渗透应力、氧化应力和食品基质应力。对于胃中遇到的pH值有害低的任何细菌来说，通过GIT到达十二指肠中胆汁的洗涤剂样性质是一个危险的旅程。然而，细菌配备了一系列防御机制，以抵消细胞内的损伤或增强细胞的鲁棒性，以承受致命的外部环境。了解益生菌和其他细菌群中的这些机制，已经导致了分子工具箱的开发，以增强益生菌的技术和胃肠道性能。这一点得到了研究的极大帮助，这些研究检查了细胞对压力的全球反应，强调了不同的调节网络，并确定了细胞用于科普危险环境的新机制。本文综述了利用细菌应激反应生产下一代益生菌培养物的最新研究，并强调了从综合系统生物学角度看待全球细菌应激反应的研究意义。
Before a probiotic bacterium can even begin to fulfill its biological role, it must survive a battery of environmental stresses imposed during food processing and passage through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Food processing stresses include extremes in temperature, as well as osmotic, oxidative and food matrix stresses. Passage through the GIT is a hazardous journey for any bacteria with deleterious lows in pH encountered in the stomach to the detergent-like properties of bile in the duodenum. However, bacteria are equipped with an array of defense mechanisms to counteract intracellular damage or to enhance the robustness of the cell to withstand lethal external environments. Understanding these mechanisms in probiotic bacteria and indeed other bacterial groups has resulted in the development of a molecular toolbox to augment the technological and gastrointestinal performance of probiotics. This has been greatly aided by studies which examine the global cellular responses to stress highlighting distinct regulatory networks and which also identify novel mechanisms used by cells to cope with hazardous environments. This review highlights the latest studies which have exploited the bacterial stress response with a view to producing next-generation probiotic cultures and highlights the significance of studies which view the global bacterial stress response from an integrative systems biology perspective.