Does Education Confer a Culture of Healthy Behavior? Smoking and Drinking Patterns in Danish Twins
Does Education Confer a Culture of Healthy Behavior? Smoking and Drinking Patterns in Danish Twins
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DOI：
10.1093/aje/kwq333
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Deary, Ian J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson, Wendy;Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm;Deary, Ian J.
更多的教育与更健康的吸烟和饮酒行为有关。大多数对教育影响的分析都集中在平均水平上。很少有研究比较不同教育水平下与健康相关行为的差异，或分析教育如何影响与健康相关行为的潜在遗传和环境来源。本研究探讨了这些影响。在2002年的一份邮寄问卷中，丹麦双胞胎登记处的21,522名出生于1931-1982年的成员报告了吸烟和饮酒习惯。作者使用定量遗传模型来研究这些行为的遗传和环境差异如何随教育水平而变化，并调整了出生年份的影响。正如预期的那样，受教育程度越高，吸烟越少，受教育程度越高的人平均饮酒量最高。在平均教育水平以上2个标准差处，吸烟和饮酒的方差大约是低于2个标准差处的三分之一，因为较少受过高等教育的人报告了高水平的吸烟或饮酒。由于共同的环境差异特别有限，一种解释是教育创造了一种不鼓励吸烟和酗酒的文化。在受过良好教育的男女吸烟和男性饮酒人群中，共同的环境对教育的影响与健康行为之间存在显著的相关性，从而强化了这一观点。
More education is associated with healthier smoking and drinking behaviors. Most analyses of effects of education focus on mean levels. Few studies have compared variance in health-related behaviors at different levels of education or analyzed how education impacts underlying genetic and environmental sources of health-related behaviors. This study explored these influences. In a 2002 postal questionnaire, 21,522 members of the Danish Twin Registry, born during 1931-1982, reported smoking and drinking habits. The authors used quantitative genetic models to examine how these behaviors' genetic and environmental variances differed with level of education, adjusting for birth-year effects. As expected, more education was associated with less smoking, and average drinking levels were highest among the most educated. At 2 standard deviations above the mean educational level, variance in smoking and drinking was about one-third that among those at 2 standard deviations below, because fewer highly educated people reported high levels of smoking or drinking. Because shared environmental variance was particularly restricted, one explanation is that education created a culture that discouraged smoking and heavy drinking. Correlations between shared environmental influences on education and the health behaviors were substantial among the well-educated for smoking in both sexes and drinking in males, reinforcing this notion.