Chemical Exposure Levels in Printing Workers with Cholangiocarcinoma
Chemical Exposure Levels in Printing Workers with Cholangiocarcinoma
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DOI：
10.1539/joh.14-0073-oa
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Endo, Ginji
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yamada, Kenichi;Kumagai, Shinji;Endo, Ginji
目的：本研究旨在确定患有胆管癌的印刷工人所使用的化学品，以及暴露于化学品的水平。研究方法：确定患有胆管癌的印刷工人所使用的化学品和估计化学品接触浓度所需的信息来自日本厚生劳动省。印刷室中的化学品的工作环境浓度估计使用一个良好的混合模型，油墨去除操作过程中的暴露浓度估计使用近场和远场模型。还计算了暴露浓度的偏移时间加权平均值（TWA）。结果如下：三家小型印刷厂各有两名工人患有胆管癌，所有六名工人都接触了1，2-二氯丙烷（1，2-DCP）10-16年。印刷室中1，2-DCP的估计工作环境浓度为17-180 ppm，油墨去除操作期间的估计暴露浓度为150-620 ppm。偏移TWA值估计为62-240 ppm。6名工人中有4名还接触了二氯甲烷，估计工作环境中的浓度为0-98 ppm，估计油墨去除操作期间的接触浓度为0-560 ppm。偏移TWA值估计为0-180 ppm。其它氯化有机溶剂（1，1，1-三氯乙烷、1，1-二氯-1-氟乙烷）和石油溶剂（汽油、石脑油、矿物油精、矿物油、煤油）也用于油墨去除操作。结论：6名印刷工人均长期接触高浓度的1，2-DCP。
Objective: This study aimed to identify chemicals used by printing workers with cholangiocarcinoma, as well as the levels of exposure to the chemicals. Methods: Information necessary to identify chemicals used by printing workers with cholangiocarcinonna and to estimate chemical exposure concentrations was obtained from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan. Working environment concentrations of the chemicals in the printing rooms were estimated using a well-mixed model, and exposure concentrations during the ink removal operation were estimated using a near-field and far-field model. Shift time-weighted averages (TWA) of exposure concentrations were also calculated. Results: Two workers from each of three small printing plants examined suffered from cholangiocarcinonna, and all six of these workers had been exposed to 1,2-dichloropropane (1,2-DCP) for 10-16 years. The estimated working environment concentrations of 1,2-DCP in the printing rooms were 17-180 ppm and estimated exposure concentrations during the ink removal operation were 150-620 ppm. Shift TWA values were estimated to be 62-240 ppm. Four of the six workers had also been exposed to dichloromethane (DCM) at estimated working environment concentrations of 0-98 ppm and estimated exposure concentrations during the ink removal operation of 0-560 ppm. Shift TWA values were estimated to be 0-180 ppm. Other chlorinated organic solvents (1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane) and petroleum solvents (gasoline, naphtha, mineral spirit, mineral oil, kerosene) were also used in the ink removal operation. Conclusions: All six printing workers with cholangiocarcinoma were exposed to very high levels of 1,2-DCP for a long term.