The behavioral pharmacology of effort-related choice behavior: dopamine, adenosine and beyond.
The behavioral pharmacology of effort-related choice behavior: dopamine, adenosine and beyond.
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DOI：
10.1901/jeab.2012.97-125
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
J. Salamone;M. Correa;E. Nunes;Patrick A. Randall;M. Pardo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Salamone;M. Correa;E. Nunes;Patrick A. Randall;M. Pardo
多年来，人们一直认为，干扰多巴胺（DA）传输的药物会改变食物等主要物质的“奖励”影响。与中脑边缘DA功能相关的研究和理论正在经历一个实质性的概念重组，传统的重点是享乐和主要奖励屈服于其他概念和调查路线。本文主要综述了多巴胺能神经核在努力相关选择行为中的作用。从行为经济学的框架来看，多巴胺耗竭和拮抗作用对食物强化行为的影响高度依赖于工具任务的工作要求，DA耗竭大鼠对反应成本，特别是比率要求表现出更高的敏感性。此外，干扰多巴胺的传递对努力相关的选择行为产生了强大的影响。大鼠多巴胺消耗或拮抗重新分配他们的工具行为远离食物强化的任务，有高的反应要求，并显示出增加的选择低强化/低成本的选项。多巴胺和腺苷在调节与努力相关的功能中相互作用，其他大脑结构（前扣带皮层，杏仁核，腹侧苍白球）也参与其中。对调节基于努力的过程的大脑系统的研究可能会对理解药物滥用以及抑郁症和其他神经系统疾病中的精神迟钝、疲劳或无活力等症状产生影响。
For many years, it has been suggested that drugs that interfere with dopamine (DA) transmission alter the "rewarding" impact of primary reinforcers such as food. Research and theory related to the functions of mesolimbic DA are undergoing a substantial conceptual restructuring, with the traditional emphasis on hedonia and primary reward yielding to other concepts and lines of inquiry. The present review is focused upon the involvement of nucleus accumbens DA in effort-related choice behavior. Viewed from the framework of behavioral economics, the effects of accumbens DA depletions and antagonism on food-reinforced behavior are highly dependent upon the work requirements of the instrumental task, and DA-depleted rats show a heightened sensitivity to response costs, especially ratio requirements. Moreover, interference with accumbens DA transmission exerts a powerful influence over effort-related choice behavior. Rats with accumbens DA depletions or antagonism reallocate their instrumental behavior away from food-reinforced tasks that have high response requirements, and show increased selection of low reinforcement/low cost options. Nucleus accumbens DA and adenosine interact in the regulation of effort-related functions, and other brain structures (anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, ventral pallidum) also are involved. Studies of the brain systems regulating effort-based processes may have implications for understanding drug abuse, as well as symptoms such as psychomotor slowing, fatigue or anergia in depression and other neurological disorders.