EFFECT OF FLOWER SHAPES AND NECTAR GUIDES ON THE BEHAVIOR OF FORAGING HONEY BEES
EFFECT OF FLOWER SHAPES AND NECTAR GUIDES ON THE BEHAVIOR OF FORAGING HONEY BEES
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DOI：
10.1163/156853970x00376
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发表时间：
1970-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
FREE J B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FREE J B
摘要1.研究人员训练蜜蜂从彩色圆盘上收集糖浆，然后向它们展示一种可供选择的“模型”花。2.模特的颜色是一个重要的区别特征，但它的气味更重要。外国气味让模特们的吸引力不如没有气味。3.训练模型的大小不影响后来选择的模型的大小，但蜜蜂更喜欢径向对称的模型，而不是两侧对称的模型，尽管训练成圆形模型，但蜜蜂更喜欢具有破坏性轮廓的模型。4.在模型中添加花蜜向导会增加模型的吸引力，而不受条件反射的影响；虚线比连续线更有吸引力，一组点比模型中心的黑圈更有吸引力。在模型中加入颠覆性轮廓同样会增加吸引力，颠覆性轮廓和花蜜指导线的效果是相加的。然而，很快就达到了一个极限，在这个极限中，更多的指标线或进一步的细分无法增加吸引力。5.蜜蜂不喜欢在圆形模型的中心停留，而喜欢在花瓣状或星形模型的边缘停留。6.只有当蜜蜂学会了在与它们相关的特定地点觅食时，花蜜引导线才具有指导作用。训练到花蜜指导线汇聚的程度很快就实现了，并可以转移到其他类型的模型上。模型中央的花蜜引导环有时会略微增加参观中心的比例，但条件反射仍然是必要的，以获得更大的效果。7.未经训练的蜜蜂被吸引到一个黑色的中心区域，训练后这仍然更有效。蜜蜂的行为并没有受到试图给模型一种深度错觉的影响。
AbstractI. Honeybees were trained to collect syrup from coloured discs and then presented with a choice of 'model' flowers. 2. The colour of a model was an important distinguishing feature, but its scent was even more important. A foreign odour made the models less attractive than no odour. 3. The size of a training model did not influence the size of model later chosen, but the bees preferred radially symmetrical to bilaterally symmetrical models, and models with a disruptive outline to circular models, even though trained to circular ones. 4. Adding nectar guides to a model increased its attractiveness, independently of conditioning ; dotted lines were more attractive than continuous lines, and a group of dots was more attractive than a black circle in the centre of a model. Adding a disruptive outline to a model similarly increased attractiveness and effects of a disruptive outline and nectar guide lines were additive. However, a limit was soon reached in which more guide lines or further segmentation failed to increase attractiveness. 5. Bees showed no preference to alight in the centres of circular models, and preferred the edges of the petaloid or star-shaped models. 6. Nectar guide lines had a directing function only when the bees had learned to seek food at a particular site in relation to them. Training to a point where nectar guide lines converged was quickly achieved, and could be transferred to models of other types. A nectar guide ring in the centre of a model sometimes slightly increased the proportion of visits to its centre, but conditioning was again necessary to obtain much effect. 7. Bees without previous training were attracted to a black central area, and this was still more effective after training. The bees' behaviour was not affected by attempts to give models an illusion of depth.