Spatial and temporal structures of pheromone plumes in fields and forests
Spatial and temporal structures of pheromone plumes in fields and forests
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-3032.2000.00176.x
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发表时间：
2000-09-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Cardé, RT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Murlis, J;Willis, MA;Cardé, RT
由于大气湍流对气味羽流的影响，来自小的点源信息素的风传播气味刺激是间歇性的。这里报告的工作措施的特点，间歇性刺激在开放的领域和森林在典型的白天大气条件。为了模拟信息素羽流，带负电荷的大气离子被用作示踪剂。他们被释放的离子发生器，离子探测器测量的离子在位置的波动通量高达20米的下风处的开放领域的情况下，在森林中的10米。在这两个开放的领域，并在森林中，离子信号是高度间歇性的，信号目前只有20%的时间。在森林中记录的离子信号由脉冲串组成，它们之间的间隙至少比开阔地的持续时间长三倍。在这两种环境中，爆发一般都包括一系列的“尖峰”，平均三个在外地和七个在森林中。为了验证使用电离空气羽流作为信息素羽流的模型，雄性舞毒蛾（舞毒蛾）的触角被用作检测器，以量化从放置在离离子源约10 cm处的2000 ng点源发出的合成（+）-拟除虫菊酯羽流。离子信号和触角电位（electronantennogram，EAG）的比较表明，触角对主要的棘波有响应，但棘波的强度与触角电位响应的大小之间没有一致的关系，离子探测器信号中的平均棘波强度随着离子发生器到离子探测器距离的增加而系统地降低。然而，在EAG反应中没有检测到类似的趋势。
Wind-borne odour stimuli from a small point-source of pheromone are intermittent owing to the effects of atmospheric turbulence on the odour plume. The work reported here measures the characteristics of the intermittent stimulus in open fields and forests during typical daytime atmospheric conditions. To model the pheromone plume, negatively charged atmospheric ions were used as a tracer. They were released from an ion generator, and ion detectors measured the fluctuating flux of ions at positions up to 20 m downwind in the open field case and 10 m in the forest. In both the open field and in the forest, ion signals were highly intermittent, with a signal present only 20% of the time. Ion signals recorded in the forest consisted of bursts with gaps between them of at least three-fold greater duration than those from the open field. In both environments, bursts generally each comprised a series of 'spikes', on average three in the field and seven in the forest. To validate the use of ionized air plumes as models of pheromone plumes, the antennae of male Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) were used as detectors to quantify the plume of synthetic (+)-disparlure emanating from a 2000 ng point source placed approximate to 10 cm from the ion source. A comparison of ion signals and EAGs (electronantennograms) suggests that the antennae respond to the main spikes within a burst, but no consistent relationship between the strength of the spikes and the magnitude of the EAG response was found. The average strengths of bursts in the ion detector signal decreased systematically as the distance from the ion generator to the ion detector increased. A similar trend, however, was not detected in the EAG response.