Smoking reduction and biomarkers in two longitudinal studies
Smoking reduction and biomarkers in two longitudinal studies
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01542.x
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Osler, Merete
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Godtfredsen, Nina S.;Prescott, Eva;Osler, Merete
目的在两项以人群为基础的不使用尼古丁替代品的自我报告吸烟减少研究中测量吸烟暴露的减少。设计生物标志物与吸烟的横断面分析。数据来自1981/83年和1991/94年哥本哈根城市心脏研究（CCHS）和1976年和1985/86年哥本哈根男性研究（CMS）的两个时间点。参与者在CCHS的两个时间点有3026名成年人吸烟，在CMS的两个时间点有1319名男性吸烟。测量方法采用自填问卷对吸烟状况和烟草消费情况进行评估。在两项研究的第二个时间点测量烟雾摄入的生物标志物：CCHS中的过期空气一氧化碳（CO）和CMS中的血清可替宁。使用线性回归将第一个时间点的中度（15-29 g/天）和重度（50 - 30 g/天）吸烟者的生物标志物水平与持续的中度、重度和轻度吸烟者（1-14 g/天）进行比较，这些吸烟者后来报告每天减少50%或更多的卷烟而不戒烟。多变量模型的协变量包括性别（仅限CCHS）、年龄、吸烟自述、吸烟持续时间、烟草类型和吸烟量。研究发现，重度吸烟者在随访中并没有显示出较低的生物标志物水平。中度吸烟者减少了可替宁，但没有减少一氧化碳。可替宁的减少与报告的消费量减少不相称。结论：自我报告吸烟的长期减少可能至多与烟雾暴露的适度减少有关。
Aims To measure reduction in exposure to smoke in two population-based studies of self-reported smoking reduction not using nicotine replacement. Design Cross-sectional analyses of biomarkers and smoking. Setting Data from two time-points in the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS), 1981/83 and 1991/94, and the Copenhagen Male Study (CMS) in 1976 and 1985/86, respectively. Participants There were 3026 adults who were smokers at both time-points in the CCHS and 1319 men smoking at both time-points in the CMS. Measurements Smoking status and tobacco consumption were assessed by self-completion questionnaire. Measurements of biomarkers of smoke intake were taken at the second time-point in the two studies: expired-air carbon monoxide (CO) in the CCHS and serum cotinine in the CMS. Biomarker levels in medium (15-29 g tobacco/day) and heavy (> 30 g/day) smokers at the first time-point who later reported a reduction in cigarettes per day of 50% or more without quitting were compared with continuing medium, heavy and light smokers (1-14 g/day) using linear regression. Sex (CCHS only), age, self-reported inhalation of smoke, duration of smoking, type of tobacco and amount smoked were included as covariates in multivariate models. Findings Heavy smokers who reduced did not show lower levels of biomarkers at follow-up. Medium smokers who reduced showed a reduction in cotinine but not CO. The reduction in cotinine was not commensurate with the reported reduction in consumption. Conclusions Long-term reductions in self-reported tobacco smoking are probably associated with, at best, modest reductions in smoke exposure.