An Introduction to Thinking about Trustworthy Research into the Genetics of Intelligence.
An Introduction to Thinking about Trustworthy Research into the Genetics of Intelligence.
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关于智力遗传学值得信赖的研究的思考简介。
DOI：
10.1002/hast.491
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Appelbaum,PaulS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Parens,Erik;Appelbaum,PaulS
新技术的出现重新点燃了人们的希望，即有可能识别遗传变异，这将有助于解释为什么个体在复杂的性状方面存在差异。至少有一个领导者在发展“全基因组测序”-中国公司华大基因-已经相当公开的承诺，它将使用该技术来调查遗传学的一般智力，特别是高智力。由于需要大量样本来检测与这些碱基对序列中的微小遗传差异相关的微小效应，为了在新的测序技术方面取得进展，还需要招募比遗传学家以前招募的更多的研究参与者。为了增加样本的规模，一组研究人员与约翰霍普金斯大学的天才青年中心进行了接触。他们想获得CTY正在进行的“特殊才能研究”的参与者的记录，他们想接近这些人，看看他们是否愿意分享他们的DNA样本。我们同意，CTY关于是否让研究人员获得这些记录的困境引发了关于智力遗传学研究的道德问题，我们决定在黑斯廷斯中心举办一个研讨会来研究这些问题。我们的目的是创造一个我们后来称之为“变革性对话”的东西，借用莎拉·理查森的话，这个对话是关于一般认知能力的遗传学研究的--一个具有广泛而长远的视角，涉及各种利益相关者的对话，包括那些对研究持高度批评态度的人和参与研究的人。这本论文集就是从那个研讨会上产生的，旨在介绍和探索这一复杂而重要的领域。
The advent of new technologies has rekindled some hopes that it will be possible to identify genetic variants that will help to explain why individuals are different with respect to complex traits. At least one leader in the development of “whole genome sequencing”—the Chinese company BGI—has been quite public about its commitment to using the technique to investigate the genetics of intelligence in general and high intelligence in particular. Because one needs large samples to detect the small effects associated with small genetic differences in the sequence of those base pairs, to make headway with the new sequencing technologies, one also needs to enlist much larger numbers of study participants than geneticists have enrolled before. In an effort to increase the size of a sample, one team of researchers approached the Center for Talented Youth at Johns Hopkins University. They wanted to gain access to records concerning participants in CTY's ongoing Study of Exceptional Talent, and they wanted to approach those individuals to see if they would be willing to share samples of their DNA.We agreed that CTY's dilemma about whether to give the researchers access to those records raised larger questions about the ethics of research into the genetics of intelligence, and we decided to hold a workshop at The Hastings Center that could examine those questions. Our purpose was to create what, borrowing from Sarah Richardson, we came to call a “transformative conversation” about research into the genetics of general cognitive ability—a conversation that would take a wide and long view and would involve a diverse group of stakeholders, including both people who have been highly critical of the research and people who engage in it. This collection of essays, which grew out of that workshop, is intended to provide an introduction to and exploration of this complex and important area.